The Waterproofing 
Handbook 


Third Edition 


Describing primarily effective and economical methods for Water- 
proofing concrete and all forms of masonry both above and 
below grade; for preserving decorative effects, exterior 
and interior; for protecting finished surfaces, 
whether wood, plaster, concrete or metal, 
against water, wear and stains— 
with 


GF Waterproofing Products 
and Technical Paints 


YOUNGSTOWN. ORIO. 


Trade Mark 
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. 


The General Fireproofing Co. 
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


EXPORT DEPARTMENT - - - 395 Broadway, New York 
CHICAGO OFFICE - - - - 325 W. Madison Street 
PHILADELPHIA OFFICE - - - - 1119 Pennsylvania Bldg. 
ATLANTA OFFICE - - = - Third National Bank Bldg. 
DETROIT OFFICE - - - - Third Floor Penobscot Bldg. 


KANSAS CITY OFFICE - - 511 Finance Bldg. 


1 Ye. 
AVERY LIBRAR 
sox utelh yvERsil? 


Copyrighted 1914, 1915, 1916 
by The General Fireproofing Co., Youngstown, Ohio 


Waterproofing Methods and Materials 


HE satisfactory waterproofing of any job 

depends as much upon proper method of appli- 
cation as upon quality of materials. This Hand- 
book is offered, therefore, as a guide to the correct 
use of GF Waterproofing in addition to describing 
the complete line of materials. 


GF Waterproofing and Dampproofing Compounds, 
Conerete Hardeners and Technical Paints are of as- 
sured high quality. The purity of their elemental constit- 
uents, the correct proportion and method of compounding 
were proved correct by test and are being constantly veri- 
fied by wide use under many different circumstances. The 
methods of application recommended are successfully-used 
specifications covering almost every conceivable water- 
proofing problem. 


Particular attention is directed to the Specification 
Guide (pages 4 to 9 inclusive) which indexes the book for 
handy reference to the problems you will meet. Typical 
conditions are listed first, methods for correcting them 
second, materials third and finally a reference to the page 
giving complete specifications for the work. 


The GF Waterproofing Service Department has also 
a great amount of information collected from sources of 
recognized authority and from experience on numerous 
waterproofing jobs. This material is available for use in 
solving any waterproofing problems that may come up. 
Feel free to request help on specific questions at any time. 


THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING COMPANY 


YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


Specification Guide 


Substructural Waterproofing 


| 


Problem | METHODS Materials | Page 
| 

Seepage and | Protect all masonry coming in con- 

Natural Soil | tact with earth, with | 

Drainage, | (a) Bituminous Brush Coating. | GF No. 16 _ 50 
(b) Bituminous Trowel Coating. | GF No. 15 | 

Dampproofing | (c) Mop Coating applied hot. | GF No. 17 36 
(d) Waterproofed Cement]! GF No. 10 | 13 
Plaster. 
(e) If mass concrete, incorpo- | GF No. 10 el 
rate Waterproofing throughout | 
mass. 
(f) If brick, stone or vitrified | GF No. 10 20 


tile, incorporate Waterproofing 
in mortar for all joints. 


Heavy Pressure | 1. Waterproof by the integral 
in Conjunction method either as: 


with a Drainage (a) Waterproofed cement plas- | GF No. 10 15-16 
System, | ter inside or outside and under 
walls and over or under floors. 
Waterproofing (b) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 | 12 
throughout mass of concrete. 
(c) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 20 


in mortar for all joints of brick, 
stone or vitrified tile. 


| 2. Envelop entire substructure 
| with a waterproof envelope. 
(a) Bituminous Trowel Coat- | GF No. 15 52 


ing. 

(b) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-18 | 32 
(Bitumen and Wool Felt). 
(c) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-21 | 42 
(Bitumen and Saturated Fab- 
ric). 

Heavy Pressure | 1. Envelop entire substructure in 
Without Instal- | a heavy reinforced Bituminous Mat. 


ling Drainage (a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 | 32 
System, (b) Bitumen and Saturated | GF Nos. 17-21 42 
Wat 6 Fabric. 
Pee ee 2. Waterproof by Integral method 
ase 
(a) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 12 


throughout entire mass of con- 
crete for walls and floor. 

(b) Waterproofed cement plas-| GF No. 10 15-16 
ter applied outside and under 
walls or on the inside of walls, 
and under or as the top finish 
of floors. 

(c) Integral Waterproofing | GF No. 10 20 
incorporated in mortar for all 
joints of brick, stone or vitrified 
tile. 


eS 
4 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


oes 


Specification Guide (Continued) 


Problem METHODS Materials Page 
Leaky Base- 1. Apply a Reinforced Bituminous 
ments, Pits, Mat to floors and side walls. 
Swimming Pools, (a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 | 33 
Etc., (b) Bitumen and Saturated GF Nos. 17-21 42 
Repairing Fabric. 
2. Install a waterproofed rein- GF No. 10 16 
forced floor slab and plaster wall 
surface with waterproofed cement. 
mortar. 
Break in Sur- Fill with waterproofed mortar. GF No. 10 22-23 
face Integrally 
Waterproofed, 
Repairing 
Swimming Pool | 1. Waterproofed plaster coat on, GF No. 10 13-15 
Inside Pressure | the inside. 
Waterproofing 2. Waterproofng integrated | GF No. 10 23 
throughout concrete. 
3. Reinforced Bituminous Mat on GF Nos. 17-21 45 
the inside. | 
4. Coat with colorless Water- | GF No. 100 61 
proofing on inside. 
5. To obtain an even, pleasing color | GF No. 101 63 
inside use 
6. Coat with a bitumistic trowel- | GF No. 15 53 
ing’ compound; cover with mortar 
coat, enamel tile or brick. 
7. Coat with a bitumistic brush| GF No. 16 51 
coating; cover with mortar coat, 
enamel tile or brick. 
Swimming Pool | 1. Waterproofed plaster coat on GF No. 10 15 
Inside and Out- | the inside. 
side Pressure 2. Waterproofing integrated. GF No. 10 23 
throughout concrete. 
Waterproofing 3. Reinforced Bituminous Mat ei 
center of wall and floor: 
Bitumen and Saturated! GF Nos. 17-21 46 
Fabric. 
Dampproofing Above Grade 
Previen | METHODS Mereriaies pers 
Exterior Walls to| 1. Coat the interior face of ex- GF No. 200 57 
be Dampproofed posed walls with a Dampproofing 
on Inside Coating. 
(1) Plaster 2. For sealing angle, between ceil- GF No. 15 57 
Applied Direct) ing and side wall. 
to Wall 8. Scratch coat of mortar to have GF No. 10 18 


| Integral 
| rated. 


Waterproofing incorpo- 


[THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING 1G CO., “YOUNGSTOWN, OHI OHIO O | 


Specification Guide (Continued) 


“Problem METHODS 
(2) In Con- | 1, Coat entire interior face of 
nection with | exterior walls. 
urring 2. Trowel a plastic coating over 


Stucco Applied 


over Trussit or 


Self-Sentering 


Concrete, 


masonry 


(1) Damp- 


proofed with- 
Affecting 
Color or Tex- 


out 
ture 
(2) Damp- 


proofed and 
Beautified 


Parapet Walls 


and Copings 


Dampproofed 


Leaky Brick, 
Stucco or Con- 
crete Walls, 


Repairing 


Brick, 


Stucco or other 


| 


entire interior face of exposed walls. | 


38. Seal angle between ceiling and 
side walls. 


4. Apply coat of Waterproofed | 
Portland Cement Mortar on inte- | 


rior face of exterior wall. 


5. When Porous Corrugated Tile | 
construction is used, apply Damp- | 


proofing Coating before plastering. 


1. Waterproofing incorporated in 


stucco coat. 


2,.Colorless Waterproofing | 


Coating. 
38. Coating to obtain a uniform, 
pleasing color. 


1. Waterproofing incorporated 
throughout mass of concrete. 


2. Waterproofing incorporated 
throughout stucco coat. 


3. Waterproofing 


brick or stone. 
4. Coating concrete, brick, 


texture is changed. 


5. Coat with Acid and Waterproot | 


Coating. 
Coat exterior surface with 


1. Plaster on inner side of parapet | 


wall below coping. 


(a) Bituminous Trowel Coat- 


ing. 
(b) Colored, flexible material. 
(c) Waterproofed Cement 
Mortar. 

2. Coat inside and outside of para- 

pet with Colorless Waterproofing. 

38. Coat walls to obtain a uniform 

color. 

4. Imbed masonry and copings in 

waterproofed mortar. 

1. Coat walls with 

Waterproofing. 


| 2. Coat walls with colored coating 
| to obtain desired color, 


Damp- 
proofing at the same operation. 


incorporated | 
‘throughout mortar used for laying | 


stucco | 
or tile, so that neither color nor 


Colorless 


GF 
GF 


GF 


GF 


GF 


GF 


Q 
"T] 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


Materials 


GF No. 200 


15 


15 


10 


200 


- 10 


- 100 


- 101 


| Page 


60-61 


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Specification Guide (Continued) 


Problem METHODS Materials Page 


PT (SE AE ey ae 


8. Where brick is soft and joints 


poor: | 
(a) Apply waterproofed plas- GF No. 10 {als 
were | 
(b) Apply a flexible colored GF No. 250 66 
Salt Exuding | Trowel Coating. 


Wall, — | Coat with Colorless Waterproofing. GF No. 100 61 
Remedying | 


Waterproofing Containers 


Problem METHODS Materials | Page 
¢ 7 fe eo = : : d | ae ; ress 
Silos, Water 1. Apply waterproofed  plaster| GF Nos. 10-11 | 18-19 

Tanks, Troughs,| coat inside, or outside and inside. | 
Etc | 2. Coat interior surface with Color- GF No. 100 | 61 
Waterproohnd less Waterproofing. 
3. To make surface of tanks even GF No. 101 | 65 
| and pleasing in color: 

: 1. Coat with GF No. 99 | 75 
Protecting ; } f | 
Tanks against 2. Swab interior of tank with hot GF No. 17 36 
Dilute Acids Bitumen. 


| 
ooo 


Stainproofing 
ne ee a a 
Problem METHODS Materials | Page 
| 
| 
Tile Covered Coat surface of porous tile with GF No. 200 | 57 
with Patent Stainproof Coating before applying | 
Plaster | plaster. 
: 1. Coat back and side of stone GF No. 220 55 
Limestone, _with Stainproof and Waterproof | 
Marble, Etc. Coating. 
2. Protect face of stone with GF No. 145 69 
Colorless Coating. | 
Concrete and Apply three coats of GF No. 99 75 
Composition 
Floors | 


Floor Waterproofing 


cs | 
Mills, Garages, 
Stables, Etc. 


Problem | METHODS | Materials | Page 
| 
| 


1. Wood floors of stables, mills, | 
etc., waterproof with: | 
| (a) Bituminous Trowel Coating. | GF No. 15 53 


Specification Guide (Continued) 


Problem 


| 


wearing surface. 


| METHODS Materials Page 
| (b) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-18 35 
(Bitumen and Wool Felt). 
(c) Reinforced Bituminous] GF Nos. 17-21 44 
Mat (Bitumen and Saturated 
Fabric). 
| 2. Concrete floors of garages, mills, 
bathrooms, etec., waterproof with: 
| (a) Reinforced Bituminous Mat | GF Nos. 17-18 35 
(Bitumen and Wool Felt). 
(b) Reinforced Bituminous Mat} GF Nos. 17-21 44 
(Bitumen and Saturated 
Fabric). 
(c) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 12 
throughout floor construction. 
(d) Incorporate Waterproofing | GF No. 10 13 
throughout wearing surface. 
| 8.: Waterproof superficial wearing 
| surface: 
(a) With a colorless coating. GF No. 100 61 
(b) With a coating that will | GF Nos.150-151| 76 
give an even, pleasing color. 
4, Water and acid-proof superficial | GF No. 99 75 


Se Oe ret Sie Meee en) TINS Ea ere eae Ree 
Roof Waterproofing 


Problem METHODS Materials Page 
Flat Roof 1. (a) Built up roof over boards. | GF Nos. 17-18 34 
(b) Built up roof over concrete.| GF Nos. 17-18 34 
(c) Flexible Trowel Coating. GF No. 250 67 
Flat Tile Roof 1. Waterproofing beneath tile. 
(a) Bituminous Trowel Coating.| GF No. 15 53 
(b) Heavy Reinforced Bitumi- | GF Nos. 17-18 34 
nous Mat (Bitumen and Wool 
Felt). 
(c) Heavy Reinforced Bitumi-| GF Nos. 17-21 44 
nous Mat (Bitumen and Satu- 
¥ rated Fabric). 
_ (d) Waterproofed mortar incor- | GF No. 10 20 
Mh porated in joints of tile. 
Pitch Roof 1. Waterproof with Plastic Trowel | GF No. 250 67 
Yi. Coating. 
2. faye erprootng Tile: 
ig (a) Waterproofing incorporated | GF No. 10 20 
aes throughout mortar joints. 
(b) Trowel Coating troweledin | GF No. 250 66 


the joints. 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS UNDS | 


Specification Guide (Continued) 


Bridge Waterproofing 


Problem 


Railway Bridge 
(Steel Trough, 


Steel or Concrete! 


Deck) 


Road Bridge 


METHODS | Materials Page 
es. 8ees 7s 2 | 
| 1. Install heavy Reinforced Bitu- | 
minous Mat. 
(a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 | 36 
(bo) Bitumen and Saturated GF Nos. 17-21 | 46 
Fabric. 
1. Install heavy Reinforced Bitu- 
'minous Mat: 
(a) Bitumen and Wool Felt. GF Nos. 17-18 36 
tee Bitumen and Saturated GF Nos. 17-21 46 
abric. : 


| | 3 | 
Cement Floors—Dustproofing, Hardening and Finishing 


. | 
Problem | 


| METHODS Materials Page 
New Floors 1. Dustproofed by applying drying | GF No. 140 71 
coat of Hardener. 
| 2. Impregnating compound. GF No. 145 68 
| 8. Colored flat or gloss finish. GF Nos. 150-151| 76 
Old Floors ei: Impregnating compound to dust- | GF No. 145 68 
proof and still retain original color 
_and texture. 
2. Dustproofing by applying col- | GF Nos.150-151) 76 
ored flat or gloss finisn coating. 
Decorating Interior Walls 
Problem METHODS Materials Page 
| 
Plastered Sur- | 1. Paint surfaces with water repel- GF Nos. 499-500 77 
faces Decorated | ling and resisting coating. | 
and made 2. Paint concrete, brick, tile or GF No. 101 64 
Sanitary plastered surface with Waterproof- | 
ing Coating. 
Plaster, Concrete 1. Paint surface with Acid-proof GF No. 99 75 
and Brick Sur- Coating. 
face—Acid- 2. Paint surfaces already decorated GF No. 99 75 
proofing with Acid-proof Coating. 
Protective Coatings for Steel, Galvanized Iron, etc. 

Problem METHODS Materials. _—'| Page 
Steel in Contact| Apply to surface of steel a Rust- | GF Nos. 300-325) 80-81 
with Masonry resisting Coating, protected with 

an Alkali-resisting Coating. 
Steel Exposed Apply to surface a Rust-resisting | GF No. 300 80 
to Atmosphere | Coating. (Two coats.) 

Apply to surface a strongly adhe-| GF No. 350 82 
Galvanized Iron! sive Rust-resisting Coating. 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO. 


See ee oe SETSEOES 


WM. PENN HOTEL, Pittsburgh, Pa.—GF No. 10 Waterproofing Used. Architect, Janssen & 
Abbott, Pittsburgh. General Contractor, Geo. A. Fuller Co., New York City. 
Waterproofing Contractors, Harrison & Meyer, Pittsburgh. 


The Integral Method of Waterproofing 


GF No. 10—Integral Waterproofing Paste 


By the Integral Method of waterproofing is meant the incor- 
poration of a waterproof material into the voids of the concrete 
or mortar, during the process of mixing. This is the simplest and, 
with the proper materials, the most economical type for it is pos- 
sible to meet a great many waterproofing problems by the Integral 
Method and there is little opportunity for improper application. 

Any integral waterproofing, however, to be effective, must be 
completely distributed throughout the mortar or concrete. And 
unless it goes into permanent chemical combination there is danger 
of its being eventually washed out or absorbed with the consequent 
loss of all waterproofing value. 


10 


GF No. 10 is a smooth white Waterproofing Paste which is 
first dissolved in the gauging water and then carried into every 
void in the mixture that the water itself penetrates. It remains 
dissolved permanently so that gauging water and paste when 
once thoroughly combined can be used at any time without further 
attention. 


. Upon contact with the constituents of cement GF No. 10 
forms a chemical compound which hardens in all the minute voids 
into a stable, water-repelling mass. 


In some cases where integral waterproofing is used the mate- 
rials for waterproofing affect the ‘set’ of the concrete or mortar 
even to the extent of weakening or softening the mass. There 
is a set corrective agent in GF No. 10 which neutralizes all harmful 
action of this kind and allows concrete impregnated with GF Inte- 
gral Waterproofing Paste to set exactly as it would under ordinary 
conditions. Tests prove also that neither the tensile nor com- 
pressive strength is materially affected by waterproofing with 
GF No. 10. 


Briefly the value of GF No. 10 Paste for Integral Waterproof- 
ing is made up by these three features: 


First. Its absolute solubility in water, insuring uniform dis- 
tribution throughout the mass. 


Second. Its chemical combination with cement to form a per- 
fect and permanent waterproofing. 


Third. The simplicity of its application—reducing labor cost 
and eliminating imperfections due to careless workmanship. 


General Directions and Quantities Required 


When the amount of cement to be used in the mix which is to be waterproofed 
has been determined, add to the water to be used in making this batch of 
concrete or plaster two per cent by weight of the cement of GF No. 10 Integral 
Waterproofing Paste. In other words, two pounds of GI No. 10 for every 
bag, or eight pounds for every barrel of cement. This paste is to be stirred 
into the water until it has thoroughly dissolved so that the water is of an 
even, milky color. 


GF No. 10 Paste weighs eight pounds to the gallon, and water weighs eight 
pounds to the gallon. As it is the accepted custom to use about 34 gallons of 
water for each barrel of cement used in making a batch of concrete to be 
poured, the proportion of paste to water would be 1-34. 


As there is usually about 17 gallons of water used to each barrel of 
cement in a batch of mortar for plaster coat work, the proportion of GF Paste 
to water would be 1-17. 


After the paste has once been thoroughly dissolved in the water by 
stirring, no further attention is necessary as the paste will maintain a per- 
fectly even distribution throughout this water indefinitely. 


The cement mortar or concrete is to be wet, gauged or tempered with the 
milky solution thus obtained and the result will be, when the concrete has set, 
an absolutely water-tight mass. 


11 


(THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


i SS g§9§09 = 


Specifications for Waterproofing with 
GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste 


Materials 


1. Waterproofing: 


GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste as manufactured by The General 
Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from them 
or their authorized Agents. The paste must be brought to the building site in 
original and sealed packages. This paste must be used without adulteration 
and in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and directions. 


z. Cement: 


All cement shall be a high grade Portland Cement meeting satisfactorily 
the requirements of the Standard Specifications of the American Society for 
Testing Materials. It shall preferably be so ground that eighty per cent 
(80%) shall pass a Standard Two Hundred (200) Mesh sieve. 


3. Sand: 


All sand shall be absolutely free from loam, clay, vegetable or other 
deleterious organic matter and uniformly graded from coarse to fine in size. 


4. Draining: : 

Before actual waterproofing is begun all water shall be drained away 
from surface to be waterproofed. Provision must be made to keep this water 
out during the process and until the last section of Waterproofing is thor- 
oughly set. 


Entire Body of Concrete to be Waterproofed 


General: Sections 1 to 4 to be carefully followed, and 


5. Materials: 


All concrete used in the (name part of work) is to be mixed in the propor- 
tions of one part cement, two parts sand and four parts aggregate. (Or one 
_ part cement, two and a half parts sand and five parts aggregate.) 


6. Mixing: 

A dry mixture of cement, sand and stone is to be made, preferably of the 
proportion 1:2:4 which shall be tempered to a quaking consistency. 

GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste shall be added to all water so 
that the proportion shall be 8 pounds of paste to each barrel or 2 pounds of 
paste to each bag of cement. 


7. Placing: 

All concrete is to be placed in one continuous operation where possible. 
Each pouring is to be thoroughly spaded to insure uniform density in the wall 
or floor. 


8. Necessary Joints of New to Old Work: 


Where joints are absolutely unavoidable the old surface must be roughened 
with mason’s chipping hammer; then thoroughly wire brushed. 

The finished surface shall have holes at least 4’ deep and not more than 
2’ on centers in every direction. 


_ After this has been done the face of the joint is to be treated with a 
solution made of 2 pounds of GF No. 400 Bonding Compound dissolved in a 
gallon of water. This solution is to be applied with a corn broom or acid brush. 
After all chemical action has ceased the surface is to be thoroughly washed 
with clean water, using a hose if possible. 

While the surface of the concrete is still wet, a thin cream of cement and 
water (the water to have in it GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste) is to 
be applied and the new concrete poured immediately. 


12 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | 


Specifications—Continued 


9. Curing: 

The work is to be allowed to cure the ordinary length of time before the 
forms are removed as GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste is so com- 
pounded that it neither accelerates nor retards the set of cement. 


Applying Waterproofed Plaster Coats 
(See page 28 for table) 


10. Preparing Concrete Surfaces to Receive Waterproofing: 

The surface of concrete side walls is to be thoroughly 
roughened with a mason’s chipping hammer, then wire brushed 
and treated with GF No. 400 Bonding Compound before any 
Waterproofing is applied. 

The finished surface shall have holes at least %” deep 
and not more than 2” on centers in every direction. 

Two pounds of GF No. 400 are to be dissolved in a gallon 
of water. This solution is to be well rubbed into the surface 
with a corn broom or acid brush. 
After all chemical action has 
ceased, the wall is to be thor- 
oughly washed, if possible with a 
hose, to remove surplus material. 

Before any Waterproofing is 
applied over the floor it must be 
cleaned of all grease, dirt and for- 
eign matter. 


Dw, Yi pmNARTISS 
yf Yi BN 
hy 
ae 7, waterproofed by 
isi the in efral method. 


If the waterproofed topping to be applied over the floor is not heavy 
enough nor strong enough to resist upward water pressure, it must be care- - 
fully bonded to the underbed of concrete. 


11. Preparing Brick or Stone Walls: 

The joints of the brick work should be raked out at least 3% of an inch 
and then wire brushed to remove loose particles of mortar. 

In rubble stone walls, the joints are to be thoroughly raked out to a 
depth of % in. to % in. and then wire brushed to remove loose particles. 


12. Preparing Floors: 


When underbed is “set,” the surface must be thoroughly chipped so there 
shall be holes at least 1%4 in. deep and not more than 2 in. on centers in any 
direction. 

When topping and underbed are laid at the same time, the topping must 
be applied before the underbed has obtained an initial set. Great care must 
be taken to bond the topping and underbed together thoroughly. 


13. Saturation: 

All masonry surfaces are to be saturated with as much water as they 
will absorb before applying the cement grout. 
14. Grout: 


A thin cement grout or wash is to be applied to all old surfaces to be 
waterproofed, immediately before the waterproofed plaster coat is put on and 
directly after the saturation is completed. 


15. Materials: 


The cement grout is to be neat cement of such consistency that it may 
be applied to the surface with a brush. 


The mortar for the waterproofed plaster coat is to be mixed of never 
less than one part cement to two parts sand nor more than one part cement 
to two and one-half parts sand. GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste is 


13 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


= eras 59) 


Specifications—Continued 


to be added to the gauging water in the amount of 2% by weight of the 
amount of cement used in mixing each batch of mortar. 


16. Mixing and Quantities: 
The cement and sand are to be thoroughly mixed together, turning over 


the mass at least three times. Then the water used for tempering this 
mass, in which has already been dissolved the GF No. 10 Integral Water- 


CROWLEY-MILNER DEPARTMENT STORE, Detroit, Mich.—Waterproofed with GF No. 10 
Waterproofing Paste. Architects, Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, Detroit. 
Contractors, Geo. A. Fuller Co., New York City. 


proofing Paste, is to be added and the mixture thoroughly turned over until 


it is of even consistency. " 
The same mixture and proportions are to be used for both coats. 


17. Application: 

Scratch Coat: Immediately after the cement grout has been put on, 
apply the first coat of waterproofed plaster. This plaster shall cover the whole 
wall surface and extend out onto the floor 6 in. to 1 foot from the bottom of 


all side walls. 
14 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


oso 


Specifications— Continued 


The scratch coat shall be about % in. thick and after it has obtained 
sufficient set it is to be thoroughly scratched to afford a key for the second 
coat. This scratch coat is to set until it is strong enough to carry the second 
coat. 


Finish Coat: As soon as the scratch coat will support the weight of the 
finish coat a wash of grout shall be put on and the second coat of waterproofed 
plaster applied. This coat should be floated free from all imperfections, using 
in this process the greatest pressure it is possible for the workmen to apply. 
Then the surface is to be finished to a smooth, even texture with a steel trowel. 


The total thickness of the two coats of plaster should not exceed % in. 


(Note: In case it is unnecessary to apply a waterproof plaster coat over 
the entire surface of the floor, a narrow gutter 2% inches by 3 inches should 
be cut down into the floor close up to the side wall, treated in the same manner 
as the side wall and filled with plaster which is to be troweled out and up to 
an even surface with the surrounding flooring.) 


18. Caution: 


All pipes or other conduits going through this wall should be painted thor- 
oughly with a coat of GF No. 16 before the waterproof plaster coat is applied. 


19. Top Finish over Floor: 


After all traces of grease, dirt and other foreign matter have been care- 
fully removed the surface of the floor is to be thoroughly wetted and a coat of 
neat cement grout applied thereto. 

The plaster coat extending out on the floor and for 6 inches up the side 
wall from the angle of the side wall and floor should be roughened and treated 
with Bonding Compound for the reception of the floor waterproofing so as to 
obtain a perfect bond and tight joint at this point. 

The waterproofing over the floors should be carried up this side wall 
waterproofing in the shape of a coved base for a distance of about 6” to assure 
a perfect joint. 

All encumbrances upon the floor that cannot be removed should be pre- 
pared with GF No. 16 to form a flexible joining with the waterproof coat over 
the floor. 

The waterproof mortar is to be applied in one coat to a thickness of (this 
thickness must be such that the weight of the concrete or the strength of it, 
if reinforced, will overcome the estimated hydro-static head) over the entire 
surface of the floor, and up the side wall in the form of a base about 6” above 
the general level of the floor. 

After this mortar has obtained sufficient set, it is to be floated free from 
all imperfections and troweled smooth with a steel trowel. In the course 
of this floating and in the troweling as much pressure as possible must be 
exerted to finish the surface free from imperfections. 


Plaster Coat Applied on the Inner 
I Brick Face of Walls and over Floors 


General: Sections 1 to 4 and 10 to 19 in- 
clusive are to be carefully followed, and 


| Cement Plaster 20. Gutter: 


: ee e Neo A gutter about 24%” deep by 3%” wide 
H should be cut into the floor at the angle be- 
tween the floor and side wall around the 
entire space to be waterproofed. 

(Note: If there is to be no coat over 
floor this gutter should be thoroughly wire 
brushed and treated with GF No. 400 Bond- 
ing Compound before any Waterproofing is 
applied.) 


15 


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Specifications—Continued 


Plaster Coat Applied on Outer Face of and Under Walls 
and Over or Under Top of Floors 


General: Sections 1 to 4 and 10 to 19 inclusive are to be carefully followed, 


and 
AW 21. Treatment of Footings: 
™ After the footings have been set in place and 
CY while they are still green, a 1/ coat of water- 
RA proofed mortar shall be plastered over the top 
XN of them. This waterproof coat shall be carried 
Cement MoS either side of the wall line at least 6”. 
Dae gored 22. Treatment of Walls: 
G.FNSIO « After the side wall has 


been set in place, rough- 
ened, treated with Bond- 
ing Compound and satu- 
Yr rated and while the sur- 
U2 Wateroroofed with face is wet apply neat 
cement grout with a 
brush and immediately 
plaster the first coat of waterproofed plaster onto the wall from the top of the 
footing to 1 to 3 inches above grade. This first coat should be about % of 
an inch thick and after it has obtained sufficient set is to be thoroughly 
scratched to afford a key for the second coat. 


23. Back Fill: 


After the second coat of waterproofed mortar has been applied and thor- 
oughly troweled up, the back fill may be made directly against this plaster 
coat. 


24. Joint at Floor: 


Before the concrete floor is set on the inside of the wall a plaster coat 
applied as specified for the outside of the wall should be carried from the top 
of the footing to a point 6” above the surface of the finished floor inside. 


Repairing Leaks in Walls and Floors and for 
Waterproofing Leaky Basement Walls and Floors 


General: Sections 1 to 4 and 10 to 19 inclusive are to be carefully followed, 
and 


25. Where it is Possible Remove the Pressure and Water from the Outside 
of the Wall: 


Where it is possible to have access to outer side of wall to be waterproofed 
a trench should be dug around all walls, the highest point of this trench to 
go down to the bottom of the footing course. This trench is to be pitched to 
a hole or ditch from which the water may be rapidly drained, so as to abso- 
lutely remove all pressure from walls and floor to be waterproofed. 


All water pressure and all water must be kept away until the Water- 
proofing has set. After the Waterproofing has set thoroughly, the ditch and 
well or pit should be filled with broken stone or porous drain tile so as to leave 
them in condition to continue to relieve the pressure. After this has been 
done the back fill of dirt may be made. 


16 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


9 =< 


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Specifications—Continued 


26. Draining Walls and 
System of Waterproofing Column TBD E oe nist rite 


Footings with GF No. 10 GeNRelseval Water Pres 


sure: 


Around inside of all outside 

walls dig a trench, leading 

3 f this trench to a sump pit or 
4° Operation hole from which provision 
i - must be made to eject all 
water. The trench to be of 

sufficient width and depth to 
SS carry the volume of water 
eraiion coming through the walls 
and floors to the sump pit. 
This trench to be so designed 
that the upper level of the 
water is to be below the under 


Waterproofing Footing for Concrete Column with side of the concrete underbed. 
ere NO The bottom of the trench 
i i rn to be filled with broken stone 


or to have porous drain tile 

installed therein. The stone 

or tile to be covered with a 

42 Operation layer of tarred felt or paper 

fl 7) to prevent the new concrete 
=== from clogging the drain. 


27. Bleeding Walls: 


Where a pressure is encoun- 
tered on side walls which are 
to be covered on the inside 
with a plaster coat of water- 
proofed mortar, it may be 
necessary to bleed these walls 
with pipe drills. These “bleed- 
ers” are to be set at such in- 
ae _ tervals as to relieve all water 
i : a ey LeCSSULC. ) : 
Waterproofing Stee cola ocrng and Grillage Notary ceaes ue ae 
Above Methods Used by the Waterproofing & Con- be well to write The Gen- 

struction Co., of New York, in Ward eral Fireproofing Company, 
Bakery Building, Orange, N. J. Youngstown, Ohio, for a com- 

: plete set of specifications for 
the individual job in hand. It is impossible to cover this condition with a gen- 
eral specification. In asking for information it is necessary to give The General 
Fireproofing Company all data as to water pressure encountered, height, length 
and thickness of surface to be waterproofed and the amount of space available 
for doing this work. All this data is necessary if you are to get an intelligent 
specification and, possibly, a drawing showing the layout of the “bleeders.”) 
28. Installing Pipe and Flange in Sump Hole: 

The sump is to be of sufficient depth to keep the water level at the point 
farthest from this sump hole below the concrete slab present or to be installed. 
This sump hole is to be equipped with an unpainted cast-iron pipe of sufficient 
diameter to take the suction pipe of the pump to be connected. The pipe instal- 
led is to have an iron flange at one end, with four holes with four 4-inch iron 
bolts through the holes, the object of these bolts being to hold the flange in 
place and prevent it from twisting. The top end of the pipe to be threaded to 
take an iron cap which is to be placed in position when the process of water- 
proofing is completed. This pipe is to be set in the center of the sump hole, so 
that the top of the cap will be 1 inch below the surface of the concrete floor slab 
when same is finished. The bottom of this sump hole is to be filled with broken 
stone which is to be brought to a level to support the flange. 


17 


Cemenf Plaster 
{ Waterprooted 


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Not less than\{s5: 
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[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


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Specifications— Continued 


Finished Floor f) epee 29: Freeing Sump Holes of 
2 vee x Concrete y at Be ater: 
Suction hose In cases where the sump 


L/ fo pump hole is to be left open, provi- 
sion must be made for keeping 
it free of water, either by an 
automatic ejector or a steam 
pump. 

Where the sump pit is to be 
closed up permanently and 
not left open for drainage 
purposes, the procedure is to 
be as follows: 


GFN218 Woferproof Felt 
S'lron Pipe threaded 


‘B 
Id Cond 


Broken Stone 
4eVron Flange 


30. Finishing over S um p 
Hole: 


After the floor waterproof- 

ing has thoroughly set, the 
suction pipe is to be removed 
from the sump hole, the cap 
screwed over the pipe set 
therein and the hole filled up 
4 comes with waterproof mortar. 
Cemen! Mortar Wolerprooted wilh G F #10 —» Boards or planks are to be 
laid over this mortar and 
thoroughly weighted or 
braced to keep them and the 
mortar in position until it has 
thoroughly set. 


Helo a , 31. Sump Hole Left Open: 


If the sump hole is to be 
left open for drainage pur- 
poses, the top finish over the 
floor is to be brought up to 
the edge of the sump and fin- 
ished off with a rim which is 
Method of Waterproofing Leaky Basements Under to be made of size to fit some 


eae ike a Ae eno eae ey type of cover for the sump 
hole. 


VA, 


Stucco Applied to the Outside or Cement Mortar Plaster Applied 
to Inside of Porous Terra Cotta Tile, Brick, Vitrified Tile or Face 
Brick Walls 


General: Sections 1 to 4, 13 to 18 are to be carefully followed, and 


Preparing surfaces to receive Waterproofing 


32. Common Brick Wall: 

The joints of the brick work should be raked out at least % of an inch 
and then wire brushed to remove loose particles of mortar. 
33. Porous Terra Cotta Tile: 

Where tile are especially ribbed or keyed for holding plaster it is only 
necessary to saturate thoroughly before the waterproofed mortar is applied. 
34. Vitrified Tile: 


The joints of all walls of vitrified tile are to be raked out about % ofan 
inch and the surface of the tile thoroughly chipped with a mason’s chipping 
hammer before any waterproof coats are applied. 


18 


5 Oa sk Ee i ae Oey ee a Re ee ne ne a en ee ES, re ree —— 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | 


Specifications— Continued 


35. Face Brick: 


After the mortar joints have been raked out about % of an inch it will 
be necessary to chip the face of the brick themselves if they are very smooth 
texture, hard burned, or pressed face brick. 


36. Application: 


After the wall has been prepared and saturated and while the surface 
is still wet, apply the first coat of waterproofed plaster about % of an inch 
thick. After this first coat has set sufficiently it is to be thoroughly scratched 
to afford a key for the second coat. 


This scratch coat is to be allowed to set for 12 hours or more until it is 
of sufficient strength to carry the second coat. 


After the necessary time has elapsed the second coat of waterproofed mor- 
tar or stucco should be applied and floated free from all imperfections. The 
surface is to be finished as closely as consistent with the pre-determined sur- 
facing of the stucco. 


Waterproofing Stucco to be Applied to Trussit, Self-Sentering or 
Herringbone Metal Lath 


General: Sections 1 to 4 and 16 to be carefully followed, and- 
37. Materials: 


The mortar for the scratch coat shall consist of one part Portland Cement 
to two and one-half parts clean, sharp sand with a small amount of hair 
(1% lbs. hair to each bag of Portland Cement). If lime putty is added it shall 
not be in excess of 1/3 of the volume of cement. 


For back-plaster coat the mortar shall consist of one part Portland 
Cement to two and one-half parts of clean, sharp sand, and GF No. 10 Integral 
Waterproofing Paste. 


The finish coat shall consist of one part cement, two and a half parts of 
clean, sharp sand or two parts of sand and 2 per cent of GF No. 10 Integral 
Waterproofing Paste shall be added to the tempering water in proportion to 
the volume of cement used in making the mix. 


38. Application: 


The plastering should be carried on continuously in one general direction, 
without allowing the plaster to dry at the edge. If it is impossible to work 
the full width of the wall at one time, the joint should be at some natural 
division of the surface, such as a window or door. 

The first coat shall be applied to the outside of the lath and pushed 
through sufficiently to give a good key. Over the face of the studs the plaster 
shall be forced well through the lath in order to fill entirely the space between 
the lath and the stud. The backing coat shall be applied to the back of the 
lath and shall be thoroughly troweled so that the lath shall be entirely cov- 
ered. The final coat shall be applied to the face of the first coat. 


39. Roughing: 


Soon after applying and before the initial set has taken place, the surface 
of the coats which are to receive succeeding coats shall be roughened with a 
saw-toothed paddle or other suitable device. 


40. Dampening: 

Before applying mortar the surface of the preceding coat shall be thor- 
oughly wetted to prevent absorption of water from the fresh mortar. 
41. Thickness of Coat: 


The first coat shall be at least % in. thick over the face of the lath and 
project through behind the lath about % in. The backing coat shall increase 
the thickness behind the lath to not less than % in. The final outside coat 
shall be not less than % in. thick. 


19 


= 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


Specifications— Continued 


42, Drying Out: 


The final coat shall not be permitted to dry out rapidly and adequate 
precaution shall be taken, either by sprinkling frequently after the mortar has 
set hard enough to permit it or by hanging wet burlap over the surface to keep 
the surface of the stucco damp. 


43. Freezing: 
Stucco should never be applied when the temperature is below freezing. 


COMMERCIAL BUILDING, Columbus, Ohio.—Architect, Otto V. Darst, Columbus. Gen. Con- 
tractor, D. W. McGrath, Columbus. GF No. 10 Used for Waterproofing Basement. 


Joints of Brick Work and Stone Work Waterproofed by GF No. 10 
Integral Waterproofing Paste Incorporated throughout the Mortar 


General: Sections 1 to 4 and 16 to be carefully followed, and 


44. Material: 


The mortar for the joints is to be mixed of one part cement to two parts 
sand or one part cement to two and a half parts sand. In either case GF No. 
10 is to be added to the water used in mixing this mortar as specified above. 


45. Mixing: 

The cement and sand are to be thoroughly mixed together, turning over 
the mass at least three times. Then the water, in which has already been 
dissolved the GF No. 10, is to be added and the mixture thoroughly turned over 
until it is of even consistency. 

46. Brick Wall: 


All brick shall be thoroughly wet just previous to being laid, except in 
freezing weather, when they shall be thoroughly dry. The brick shall be laid 
with full beds and joints properly and solidly bounded. No mason work of any 


20 


i WATE 


5 = 


tPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


Ges0 


Specifications—Continued 


description shall be built when the temperature is below 28 degrees F. on a 
rising temperature or 32 degrees F. on a falling temperature, at the point 
where the work is in progress. No frozen materials shall be built upon in 
any case, 


47. Stone Wall: 


All stone shall be laid on their natural bed. No stone which does not 
bond or extend into the wall at least six inches shall be used. Stones shall be 
firmly bedded in mortar of the same mixture as specified for brick walls, and 
all spaces and joints shall be thoroughly filled with like mortar. 


48. Application: 

The brick or stone are to be laid in the usual manner except that great 
care must be taken to see that all beds and joints are full and continuous. 

The faces of all joints must be struck off true with a trowel so as to leave 
no holes or seams. 

Great care must be taken to fill entirely around all pipes, etc., breaking 
through the wall. In addition all these pipes must be painted with GF No. 200 
to form a flexible bond. 


ANZ — a 


SHREDDED WHEAT BISCUIT COMPANY FACTORY BUILDING, Oakland, Cal.—Grain 
Tanks Waterproofed with GF No. 10. Architect, L. P. Hobart, San Fran- 
cisco. Contractor, Clinton Construction Co., San Francisco. 


49. Flat Tile Roof: 


The bed of mortar in which the tile are laid is to be at least 1” thick, 
made after the proportion hereinbefore specified. 


50. Laying Tile: 


The tile are to be imbedded in this mortar and trued up, leaving at least 
a %/” joint between all tile. 


21 


Specifications— Continued 


51. Pointing: 


The pointing mortar is to be made of the same proportion as that for the 
bed. The joints must be thoroughly filled and mortar well troweled down so 
as to leave no holes or voids. 


52. Grouting: 


The grout is to be made of the same proportion as above specified, except 
that additional water, containing GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste in 
the proper proportion, is to be used to render the mixture sufficiently liquid 
to pour into these joints. 

All joints shall be filled flush with the surface and the grout be so poured 
that no air is imprisoned in the joints. 


53. Pitch Roof: 


The mortar used in pointing the joints of these tile (joints to be not less 
than %’ wide) is to be of the same proportions as hereinbefore specified, 
applied in accordance with directions in section 51. 


Break or Opening in Surfaces where Concrete is Waterproofed 
by the Integral Method 


(Note: Sometimes a break occurs in a wall or floor that has been water- 
proofed by the Integral Method, either in the mass or by a plaster coat, because 
of the settlement of the building, defective workmanship, the removal or plac- 
ing of pipes, or external damage.) 


54. Large Break or Opening: 


In case the break admits either a single large stream or several small 
streams of water, remove the entire area of the affected surface to a depth of 
% in., leaving the surface rough. 


General: Sections 1 to 3, and 10 to 17 inclusive are to be carefully followed, 
and 


55. Bleeding: 


Provide several pieces %4-inch iron pipe two or three inches in length 
and drive one piece into the surface wherever water enters, leaving the end 
projecting about % inch beyond the roughened surface. After the pipes are 
all placed, the water will generally enter only through the pipes. 


56. Application: 


After the wall is thoroughly saturated and cleaned with GF No. 400 
Bonding Compound, apply over the whole of the affected area two coats of 
Portland Cement Mortar, waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing 
Paste as specified, finishing the surface flush with the old adjoining surface. 


After this coating has thoroughly set and dried, plug up the ends of the 
bleeders (pipe) with a piece of wood driven in tight. Then covering with 
cement mortar, connecting this mortar to the adjoining cement coating. 


Only two of the “bleeders” are to be plugged daily, working from the out- 
side to the center of the space, allowing sufficient time for the newly applied 
plaster coating to set hard before closing any more “bleeders.” The last 
“bleeder” is plugged and waterproofed in the same manner as the others and 
immediately covered with wet straw boards firmly braced and kept so until the 
plaster coating has set. 


57. Small Break or Opening: 


If the break is small, clean the surface of all loose particles of cement, 
dirt, etc., and treat with a liberal application of GF No. 400 Bonding Com- 
pound. Apply over the surface two coats of Portland Cement Mortar water- 
proofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. Both coats must be 
worked well into the edges of the old plaster coating. After this is done, cover 
immediately with wet straw boards firmly braced to position, and kept so 
until the plaster coat has set. 


22 


ee Ff === @ 


Specifications—Continued 


58. Crack: 


If the leak or opening takes the form of a long crack, and there is con- 
siderable water coming through it, the best method to pursue is to cut an 
inverted key into the wall, treat the sides of this key with GF No. 400 Bonding 
Compound, and then fill key full of mortar waterproofed with GF No. 10 
Integral Waterproofing Paste as specified for other plaster coat work. 

After this mortar has been tamped in as firmly as possible, it is to be 
braced with straw boards covered with planks which are to be kept in position 
and wet for several days until the mortar has had a chance to set thoroughly. 


SWIMMING POOL—Residence of Edw. Jenkins, Sewickley, Pa.—Pool Waterproofed with 
GF No. 10.—Architect, Alden & Harlow, Pittsburgh. Thompson & Starrett, Contractors. 


Waterproofing Swimming Pools by the Integral Method 


General: Sections 1 to 9 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 
59. Connecting Drains: 


All inlet pipes, outlet pipes, or floor drains are to have copper flashings, 
extending at least six inches from the side of and soldered firmly to the pipe 
or drain, this flashing to extend at right angles from the pipe or drain into 
the concrete. 

This flashing should be painted with two thorough coats of GF No. 200 
Dampproofing Coating, or GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating, in order to 
give a flexible joint between the concrete and flashing. 


60. Tile or Brick Lining: 


Before the tile or brick lining is put in, the surface of the concrete is to 
be thoroughly chipped in order to afford a bond for the mortar used in setting. 


23 


[of eee] 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


Specifications—Continued 


The mortar used in setting the tile or brick is to be waterproofed in 
accordance with sections 44, 45 and 48. 
61. Plaster Coat, Waterproofed: 


A plaster coat at least 1 inch thick is to be applied to the side walls and 
floor of this pool, in accordance with sections 1 to 4, 10 to 19, and— 


_ The final coat of mortar is to be scratched, as soon as it is set up suffi- 
ciently, instead of being troweled smooth, in order to afford a mechanical 
bond for the mortar used in setting the enamel brick, tile or brick lining. 


(Note: In case no brick or tile lining is to be used, the surface of this 
finish coat is to be troweled smooth.) 
62. Platform Around Pool: 


The plaster coat is to be carried through the gutter up and over the plat- 
enero an ging the pool, and up the walls surrounding this platform in a 
6-inch base. 


Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls and Floors 
Strength Required to Resist Water Pressure 


In waterproofing Reinforced Concrete Walls and Floors that 
are subjected to a hydrostatic head, it is necessary that the Wall 
or Floor be strong enough to resist the water pressure, for the 
waterproofing itself is not counted upon as a structural element. 

This design can be made very accurately where the hydro- 
static head, or depth of the water, is known, but it is often hard to 
determine—especially in the case of Foundations and Cellars of 
Buildings. These are, in nearly all cases, banked with earth which 
in dry weather contains no water but which may become saturated 
at the time of rainstorms and floods. 

The hydrostatic head to be used in designing Tanks, Reser- 
voirs, and Dams is definitely known and must be taken at its full 
value in accordance with the well known laws of hydrostatic pres- 
sure, but the tendency in designing the floors and walls of cellars 
is to assume a hydrostatic head entirely too large for the existing 
conditions, with a consequent needless expenditure of money. 

Every foundation and cellar floor should be constructed with a 
good drainage system and this, with the natural drainage of the 
surrounding earth, relieves the water pressure to such an extent 
that the hydrostatic head is decreased and rarely if ever amounts 
to more than 50 per cent of the maximum under such conditions. 
Where the drainage system is liable to become clogged due to the 
nature of the soil a greater percentage of the maximum pressure 
must be considered. 

Retaining Walls for earth pressure are often designed to resist 
a fluid pressure of one-half the intensity of water-pressure—one 
authority recommending that Retaining Walls be considered as 
subjected to the pressure of a fluid weighing 28 pounds per cubic 
foot; and as this rule has proven practical and safe for Retaining 
Walls, it is a safe rule to follow in designing floors and walls for 
basements that are located in any but swampy ground. 


24 


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Position of Reinforcing Steel 


In reinforced concrete slabs the reinforcing steel is placed to 
resist tension stresses and the concrete, which is weak in tension, 
is designed to resist compression stresses. 

Where concrete walls are used to resist water pressure and the 
walls are of simple design, having horizontal reinforcement only, 
the reinforcing steel is placed near the surface on the opposite side 
from the water face. 


PIEDMONT THEATRE, Atlanta, Ga.—GF No. 200 for Wall Dampproofing. GF No. 10 for 
Floor Waterproofing. Architect, A. Ten Eyck Brown, Atlanta. 
Contractors, Kalb & McCauley, Atlanta. 


In the floors of a building the loads are placed upon the upper 
surface of the slabs and the reinforcing steel is placed near the 
under side of the slab. In the case of basement floors, however, 
designed to resist water pressure from beneath, the position of the 
reinforcing steel is reversed, i. e., it is placed near the top of the 
slab. 

To find the pressure exerted by a given head of water, multiply 
the head in feet by 62.5 pounds. Thus: A 10-foot head of water 
will exert a pressure of 625 pounds per square foot. 


EXPLANATION OF TABLE 1 
Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls 


Horizontal Water Pressure 


The Table of Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls (Table 1, Page 27) is a 
table of Total Loads per square foot that can be safely resisted by slabs of var- 


25 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


os == oO 


ious spans and thicknesses with different amounts of steel reinforcement. It is 
used in the design of walls, constructed as reinforced concrete slabs, with ver- 
tical supports (or buttresses) at stated intervals, and in which the reinforce- 
ment runs horizontally between supports. 

To illustrate the use of this Table we will consider as a slab a section of 
wall having vertical supports 12 feet apart and on the other side of the wall 
—water 10 feet deep. 

It is evident that the pressure against this wall varies from a maximum 
at the bottom, or deepest point, to nothing at the top. Consequently the wall 
must be strong enough to resist the maximum pressure at the bottom and the 
strength may be gradually decreased toward the top. If the wall is consid- 
ered as made up of successive horizontal layers or laminations one foot deep 
and each layer designed to resist the pressure of the water at that depth, the 
result will be a design that is safe and economical. 

Consider first the bottom layer, 1 foot deep. The mean depth of water on 
the face of this layer is 9% feet. The pressure of the water is 94% x 62% — 
593%4 pounds and the bottom section must therefore be designed to resist that 
pressure. 

In Table 1 find the span 12 feet (the distance between supports) in the 
column headed “Clear Span in Feet.” Opposite this on the same horizontal 
line, we find under the vertical column “Total Thickness of Slab” that an 11- 
inch slab has a strength of 590 pounds per square foot and while the actual 
pressure exerted is about 4 pounds greater than this, we can use this slab 
with safety. 

In the same vertical column opposite “Area of Steel per Foot of Width” 
we find that .81 square inches of reinforcing steel is required per foot width 
of slab. And opposite “Effective Depth of Slab” we find that this steel must 
be placed 9 inches from the water face of the wall. 

The proper design is a wall built up after the manner described for the 
bottom layer considering the exact water pressure to which each layer or step 
is subjected, and in foundations for buildings, the weight of the superstructure 
it must support. For all practical purposes in connection with small work. 
however, the usual method is to design the wall of a uniform thickness 
sufficient to take the maximum pressure. 


EXPLANATION OF TABLE 2 
Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Floors 
Upward Water Pressure 


In reinforcing floors against a water pressure, the reinforcing steel must be 
placed near the top of the slab. 

The Table of Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Floors (Table 2) shows the 
total thickness of slab, the amount of reinforcing steel required and the dis- 
tance from the water face of the slab to the center of the reinforcing. It 
considers reinforcing steel placed in one direction only. 

To illustrate we will take the case of a floor slab with supports 15 feet 
apart, subjected to a pressure caused by a 7-foot head of water. The pressure, 
or in this case the lifting power, of the water is 7x624%4—437% pounds per 
square foot. 

Find the span 15 feet in the column “Clear Span in Feet” in Table 2. 
Opposite this and on the same horizontal line we find under the column “Total 
Thickness of Slab” that an 11-inch slab will resist a water pressure of 515 
pounds per square foot, while the actual lifting power of a 7-foot column of 
water is only 487144 pounds per square foot. 

In the same vertical column opposite “Area of Steel per Foot of Width” 
we find that .81 square inches of reinforcing steel is required per foot width 
of slab. And opposite “Effective Depth of Slab” we find that this steel must 
be placed 9 inches from the bottom face of the slab. 

As the water pressure is the same over the entire floor the thickness 
of the slab and the amount of reinforcing steel will be the same at every 
point. , 

The safe pressure loads, given in Table 2, include the weight of the slab. 


26 


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| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


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Table No. 1 


Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Walls 


Safe Loads in Pounds per square foot 


idee te Wan | 4” 5” 6” 8” 9” 10” 11” 12” 13” 14” 15” lhe” | 
| 
Effective ” ” yn ye ” ” ” a m” | 
Depthiof Slabi| > — {4 6A" 74 10 13 iM : 
3 || 10501865] 2910 4940 | 6580 3 
4 ||  592]1050] 1620|2360| 2780] 3690 iz 
w 
fd 5 || 377] 670|1050 1775 aaa eet ~ | | 5 
ee i 61, 262| 467| 730|1050| 1230] 1640 | 1865 | 2360] 2920 C3 
ee 7 193| 344] 535| 770| 905/1205|1370|1740| 2140 Sie 
oo 5 il 8 148| 262] 410] 590| 695] 923|1050/1330| 1640 2360] 2770 | 3220 8 id 
he I 9 116| 207| 324] 467| 547] 730] 830|1050| 1295 1870|2200|2540 || 9 > 
$8 5 % i Gels fe ener Hao Tv Te 1 GLO 2a oO 
Oe en eell 870] 1050] 1245| 1465|1700 || 11 Z 
22a < 590| 728] 885] 1050] 1215 12 < 
che La o 
Cir Sa) 750| 890] 105 13 “2 
sao 650| 770 14 & 
id <3 i 565| 670 915 [| 15 Gi 
aS ke 147| 173] 230 408] 495 590] 692| 802 [16 oO. 
38 2 17 130| 153] 203 363| 440] 520/ 615| 710 || 17 
Fa ° 18 ees 136 teat rest ea a0 261/ 323] 391] 465) 545| 635 || 18 
SS 19 Ea 162{ 185| teat rest ea 290| 350| 417| 490] 568 || 19 
20, || | | |__| 168] 212|262| 318/378] 445] 515 || 20 
Weight of slab ) 150| 163] 175 200 
per sq. foot 
Area of Steel 
per owns || > 27 seer i 1.26 


Table No. 2 


Reinforced Concrete Slabs for Floors 


Safe Loads in Pounds per square foot 


Total thick- 
ness of Slab 


Effective 3” | 4” 
depth of Slab 


4” 5” 6” 7 8” 9” 10” |11” |12” 113” 14” 115” 16” 


Ps ncacit 


3 3 
4 | 6421/1113] 1695 |2448| 2880/3803 [4325 eee 4 
5 || __427| 733] 1125] 1598] 1875/2463 |2805 [3538/4350] | | 5 
6 || 312] 530 [17531990 2498/3070 | | || 
7 7 
8 8 

9 


1100 | 1928} 2985 


=15 


l 
€ 
at 243| 407 | 1318 |1495 |1878|2290 [2753 |3255| 
Em 198| 325 5 1790 |2153 3420 
9 || 166] 270 eal 555 1445 2740 
10 os 337| 465 Li 1433 2260 || 10 
TI za) 400] 465] 599 1900 || 11 


75 B. M. = 
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET 
iS 


Stress in Concrete 640# per sq. in. 
Stress in Steel 16000# per sq. in. 
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET 


257| 350| 406] 521 a 1048 1620 || 12 

13 310] 361 770 | 913 1420 || 13 
i 125] en | eee 209/281 685| 813 1250 || 14 
3 15 an 255| 296| 375] 423 ats 615| 728 1115 _|/ 15 
2 A 6 |__| 235| 273] 343] 387| 470| 558] 658] 765| 879|1002 || 16 
ae GIT Ce a eT CRT | 802| 910 |/ 17 
patie a EI 554 “el a 835_|/ 18 
ee a9 fw 513| 592| 677| 768 || 19 

20 |__| 293] 350] 412] 481| 553] 632| 715 || 20 


Weight of slab 
oan = roe 
Area of Steel 
stati | al a] fe eal wl olf 


|THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder 


Some architects in specifying integral waterproofing require a 
powder to be mixed with the cement in place of a paste dissolved in 
the gauging water. For such work the powder must be a water- 
proof material in itself and can only be depended upon when care- 
fully and thoroughly mixed with the cement. 

GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder is the same mate- 
rial which forms when GF No. 10 Paste combines with cement, in 
the finished concrete or mortar. It is therefore classed as a pre- 
formed waterproofing element and depends upon thorough distri- 
bution throughout the dry cement for its success. GF No. 11 has 
a much higher specific gravity than cement and readily fills up all 
the voids during the mixing process. 

In the finished mass, whether concrete or mortar, GF No. 11 
Waterproofing Powder maintains its water-repelling qualities per- 
manently. It does not in any way affect the set of material with 
which it is used, for a corrective agent in the Powder overcomes 
any tendency to retard the set or weaken the mass. 


General Directions and Quantities Required 


GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder is to be added to Portland 
Cement in the proportion of two pounds to each bag of cement or eight pounds 
to each barrel used in any mixture. These two are to be thoroughly mixed dry 
so as to insure complete distribution of the GF Powder. 

Add this mixture to the sand, which should never be less than two parts 
nor more than two and a half parts by volume, the whole to be manipulated 
until the mass is evenly mixed and is uniform in color. In case of mass 
concrete this mixture is to be added to the aggregate and thoroughly turned 
over at least three times. 


Covering Capacity: Mass Concrete 
Material Required for Cubic Yard 


GF No. 10 
or 
Mixture Cement Sand Stone GF No. 11 
iLeeinat 1.51 bbls. nAOn CUleEEVCS .89 cu. yds. 12.08 lbs. 
1:24%:5 IL Sab AG iat mee OO trates @) py 
Waterproofed Cement Mortar 
Material required for 100 Sq. ft. Waterproofed Plaster 
GF No. 10 or 
Mixture Thickness Packed Cement Loose Sand GF No. 11 
ie? 2” 2.06 bbls. .58 cu. yds. 16.48 lbs. 
14%” il 4! .44 ss IDaeyr, 
14” pA .36 . i) ey & 
1” sles .29 ss SOA 
Tl’ 9 sf 22D ‘s (GOR OS 
34/7 Ae ee 22, § Grol Games 
5g// eye al cs Hell © 
1:2% Dig Ite © .62 ‘ it () Se 
14” ae —& .46 “s IO © 
Meas ial. Ae .39 - S3Sm an 
1” ESO ox soul ts Uk 
Tel! (ie oe ai ee GG, “ 
34/7 n OOM as “ nace § 
5Q// 55 “‘ 19 “i 4.4 “cc 


Specifications for application of GF No. 11 Integral Waterproofing Powder 
are identical with specifications for GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. 


12 
(See page 12) i 


GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 18 
Waterproof Felt 


In a great many cases where substructural work must be 
waterproofed against a considerable head of water with no perma- 
nent drainage system to carry it off, a heavy waterproof mat is 
necessary. This mat has no structural strength in itself and must, 
therefore, be supported by a concrete slab or brick retaining wall 
of sufficient strength to withstand the hydrostatic head. 


For example: If the waterproof mat or membrane is to over- 
come an eight foot head of water the backing wall is built to resist 
a pressure of 500 pounds per square foot. 


A membrane used under such condition must be tough, pliable 
and totally impervious to water or any acids which might be held in 
solution. Unless it is also elastic so as to expand or contract with 
the wall serious breaks may occur from temperature changes. 


GF No. 17 Mop Coating is a heavy bitumen used as a base for 
building up membrane waterproof courses. It is free from such 
elements as residium oils, resin, etc., which have no permanent 
waterproofing value because they become brittle and crack off 
in contact with water or moisture. GF No. 17 remains elastic at 
zero and will not run or slide at 110 degrees Fahrenheit. It repels 
water, ammonia solutions, hydrochloric and sulphuric acids and 
saturated solutions of sodium chloride. 


It must be melted before using and applied hot and is most 
effective over GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating which saves 
the material and aids in bonding. This is particularly true when 
waterproofing in cold weather. 


GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt is manufactured for use with GF 
No. 17 Mop Coating in the type of waterproofing just described. 
It is a strong, water-repelling felt made up of wool stock with 
linen and wood fiber to give it great tensile strength. 


Saturation of GF No. 18 takes place during the process of 
manufacture so that every fiber is thoroughly covered with the 
bitumen used. This method of saturation as compared with the 
simple dipping process leaves the felt pliable and elastic even under 
high temperature and protects it completely against water, acids 
and alkalies. Its toughness is also increased by the GF method 
of saturation in which the waterproofing element penetrates as 
well as coats the felt. 


The covering capacity of GF No. 17 Mop Coating applied with 
GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt varies only with the thickness of the 
coat. 


P/O @0ating tare ye ine fe OR teeta eae, AS 26 sq. ft. per gallon 
NW ZA Catlin Sees Mee ee ce ee coe ee 38 sq. ft. per gallon 


29 


Specifications for Waterproofing with GF No. 17 
Mop Coating and GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt 


1. General Conditions: 


The Waterproofing course to consist of three ply or layers (or as many 
ply as may be necessary for the particular work in hand) of GF No. 18 
Waterproof Felt and four ply or coatings of GF No. 17 Mop Coating, applied 
hot. This Waterproofing course to be carried across all footings, both interior 
and exterior, under all floors and partitions, including the side walls and 
floor, of any and all pits, and up all walls in contact with the ground to 
grade level. 


2. Materials: 


GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt, as manufactured 
by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, are to be purchased 
direct from the manufacturers or their authorized Agents, and delivered on 
the building site in original packages. 


3. Preparing Angles: 


To prevent the danger of breaking the Waterproofing course, Waterproofing 
shall not be applied to right angle surfaces, such as the junction between floors 
and walls, before such angles are sloped or coved with cement to form a firm 
and even bed for the application of the Waterproofing. Before applying the 
Waterproofing over a right angle corner of brick or concrete masonry, the 
ena all be chipped off and smoothed up with cement mortar to give a 
round turn. 


4. Applying Waterproofing to Footings and Through Key: 

After a masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned of projec- 
tions and foreign matter, the surface of the footing is to be swabbed with hot 
GF No. 17. In this is to be embedded Felt of sufficient width to extend 6 inches 
on either side of the wall line. Continue this alternate swabbing and embed- 
ding of Felt until the full three ply of Felt and four swabbings of Mop Coating 
have been laid through this footing and key. 


5. Wall Waterproofing: 


First: The 6-inch lap left on the outside of the wall line is to be turned 
up and sealed to wall with a swabbing of GF No. 17. Then the Waterproofing 
is to be applied as hereinafter specified. 


If either GF No. 15 Trowel Coating or GF No. 16 Foundation Brush 
Coating are to be used Before the First Mop Coating is Applied: 


First: After the masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned 
of projections and foreign matter, an under coating of GF No. 15 or 16 is to 
be applied over the. entire surface to be waterproofed. After this coat has set, 
the surface to the width of one sheet of felt is to be thoroughly swabbed with 
a good even coat of GF No. 17 applied at such a degree of heat that it does 
not lump but spreads evenly. Then a layer of GF No. 18 Felt is to be imme- 
diately embedded in this hot coating and carefully pressed down so that there 
are no wrinkles or ridges. 

Then proceed as hereinafter specified with the second swabbing. 


Where the GF No. 17 Mop Coating is to be Applied Directly to the Surface 
of the Masonry: 


First: After the masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned 
of projections and foreign matter, the surface to the width of one sheet of 
felt is to be thoroughly swabbed with a good even coat of GF No. 17 applied 
at such a degree of heat that it does not lump when it comes in contact with 
the cold masonry but spreads on smoothly; then a layer of GF No. 18 Felt 
is to be immediately embedded in this hot coating and carefully pressed down 
so that there are no wrinkles or ridges. 


Second: Swab this layer of Felt with a thorough coating of GF No. 17, 
then lay another thickness of GF No. 18 Felt over the full width of the sheet 
already placed, and mop this thoroughly with another coating of GF No. 17. 


80 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


e309 


Specifications—Continued 


Third: Lay another layer of GF No. 18 Felt the full width of those 
already laid and mop with GF No. 17. 


Fourth: The next layer of Felt is to be lapped over two-thirds of its 
width over the preceding layers and is to be mopped in the same manner. 


Fifth: The next layer of Felt is to be lapped over two-thirds of its 
width over the preceding layer and is to be mopped in the same manner. 

This method of procedure is to be continued until the whole surface is 
covered. After the entire surface to be waterproofed has been covered, all 
flashings and joints made, the entire top surface of the Felt is to receive a 
thick mop coating of the GF No. 17 applied hot. 


6. Application of Four Ply or More: 


With the exception of the direction of the layers, the preceding instruc- 
tions for application are to be followed. Where four plies are used, lay two plies 
and two plies at right angles; where five plies are used, three plies and two 
plies at right angles; where six plies are used three plies and three plies at 
right angles. 


7. Laying Waterproofing Over Floors: 


After the concrete underbed has been cleaned, all depressions pointed up 
with mortar and the same is perfectly dry, the Waterproofing shall be laid 
as herebefore specified, great care being taken that firm joint is made between 
this layer and the footing lap left extending on the inside of the wall. 


8. Protection of Waterproofing: 


After the Waterproofing course over the floor or over the side walls has 
been finished it shall be protected with a 1-inch thick plaster coat of 1:2 
cement mortar applied directly over the last swabbing of GF No. 17. 


A single course of brick may be used to protect the side wall Water- 
proofing. In case brick is used great care should be taken in laying this brick 
to be sure that the Waterproofing course is not punctured. If possible, the 
brick work should be offset one inch from the Waterproofing course and this 
opening poured full of cement grout. 


9. Connecting Waterproofing to Pipes, Conduits, Etc.: 


All pipes, conduits, etc., passing through the Waterproofing are to have 
copper flanges extending 8 inches out on floors and 5 inches up on pipes or con- 
duits. After Waterproofing is installed these flanges are to be placed sticking 


8Flonge ues pe aie fo the lis 


BG Nombre ye 
Waterprootin 3 


Gir Mem TSS 
Waterproofin s 


under surfaces of the flanges to the Waterproofing with hot GF No. 17 and then 
soldering the tops to conduits or pipes. Apply over these flanges three plies 
of Waterproofing solidly stuck to the flanges, coated and extended 8 inches 
out on floor Waterproofing. 


10. Flanges for Hot Water and Steam Pipes: 


In the case of hot water or steam pipes the flanges must be of iron and 
the pipes threaded so that the flanges can be screwed onto the pipes using 
red lead to render the screw joints watertight. After the flanges have been 
screwed in place, their lower edges should be waterproofed with three plies 
of Waterproofing solidly stuck to the flare of the flange and the Waterproofing 
carried out over the floor at least 8 inches. 


31 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


[oj seo) 


Specifications—Continued 


Waterproofing Against Heavy Pressure in Conjunction 
with a Drainage System 


General: Sections 1 to 10 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 


ll. Drainage System: 

Sufficient drainage gutters or hollow tile drains must be installed to lead 
out all water. The drainage gutters must all lead to a sump pit in which 
is installed a pump to eject the water drained to this pit. 


12. Flashing at Top of Wall: 

After the wall Waterproofing has been finished up to the desired height, 
a lap of 4 inches is to be left so that the Waterproofing may be turned back 
into the wall 4 inches at grade level to prevent water seeping in over the top 
of the Waterproofing. 


13. Permanent Sump Hole: 

The rim for this permanent sump hole should be furnished with a cast 
flange or some type of metal flange firmly attached to it by a waterproof 
joint, so that the membrane Waterproofing may be flashed either side of this 
projection on the rim to afford a perfectly watertight joint around the sump 

ole. 


Waterproofing Against Heavy Pressure without the Installation 
of a Drainage System 


General: Sections 1 to 13 are to be carefully followed, and 


14. Protecting Wall: 


Before the protecting wall is laid a 1-inch coat of cement plaster must be 
applied over the entire course of Waterproofing. In laying the protecting 
wall, great care is to be taken not to injure the Waterproofing and all joints 
of the brickwork are to be well filled with mortar, having the latter rather wet 
and using a shove joint. If it is possible to do so, an opening should be left 
between the protecting coat of cement mortar and the brickwork into which a 
thin grout of Portland Cement and sand should be poured. 


; zi 
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8 Wa'/ = 
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aon ==e2 “%1G.F Membrane 
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=e =f «Concrete 
aoe Sd Cement protection 


G.F Membrane 
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Wh 5 Concrete 
/2 Broken Stone 
4 Drain 


32 


free EELS 6S ——————————— 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


SS————————SE_————— a 


oesa5 


Specifications—Continued 


Leaky Basement, Boiler Pit or Elevator Pit to be 
Waterproofed 
General: Sections 1 to 13 are to be carefully followed, and 


Method 1 
15. Wall Construction: 

First: Build an outer wall 12 inches thick and 3 feet in height; then set 
back from the inner face 4 inches and build 8 feet more of wall; then set back 
again from the inner face 4 inches and build 3 feet more in height. All angles 
formed by setting back are to be rounded off and coved up with cement mor- 
tar as herebefore specified, so as not to break the Waterproofing course in 
making the turns. 

Second: Then apply a sufficient number of ply of Waterproofing to the 
inner face of the wall in accordance with section 5, extending it across the full 
width of the footing on the inside and carrying it out across the full width of 
the wall at the top. 

Third: Protect the Waterproofing with a 1-inch plaster coat as herebe- 
fore specified and build against this a wall of the same height as that already 
built, with the necessary additional brickwork to bring it to the required thick- 
ness. 

Fourth: Bring the lap of the Waterproofing across the top of the wall 
to the inner edge. 

Fifth: On top of the wall already built, build an outer wall 12 inches 
thick, 8 feet in height as before; then step back 4 inches and build 3 feet; step 
back again 4 inches, and build 8 feet. 

Sixth: Connect the lap of Waterproofing left at the base of this second 
wall and extend it up the inner face of the second niece of wall after the angles 
have been coved and rounded and lap on top as before. 

Seventh: Then build the additional thickness of wall necessary to resist 
eure against the Waterproofing and extend the lap across the entire 
wall. 

Continue in this manner until the full desired height is reached. 

(Note: Under the conditions mentioned, a careful computation must be 
made of the greatest hydrostatic pressure which will be encountered and the 
wall on the inside of the Waterproofing course must be of sufficient strength 
to resist the entire pressure of this hydrostatic head.) 


Method 2 
16. Reinforced Bituminous Mat: 


After sections 1 to 13 have been complied with, the Waterproofing is to be 
carried up the inner face of walls to grade level and then protected by retain- 
ing walls of masonry 8 inches in thickness for one-half the height and 4 inches 
in thickness for the balance of the height of the wall. 


Waterproofing Around Columns and Under Grillages 
17. Waterproofing Course: 


After the surface to be waterproofed has been prepared in accordance with 
sections 1 to 4 and 7, and before the grillages are set, the specified number of 
plies of Waterproofing are to be laid on the bed where these grillages are to 
set, extending the Waterproofing out over the full size of the column footing. 
The whole layer of Waterproofing is to be thoroughly protected with 1 inch of 
mortar. 

18. Filling Column Shoes: 


After the columns are set the shoes are to be filled solid with Portland 
Cement grout, the rivet heads plastered over even and smooth and the under- 
bed of floor concrete properly smoothed and graded wth Portland Cement. Then 
lay the Waterproofing over the floor connecting it to the lap under the grill- 
ages and extending the Waterproofing up the columns to the desired height 


panty the floor (which should be at least 12 inches above the highest water 
evel). 


33 


ee AGE 9 


(THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


ei = = (a) 


Specifications—Continued 


19. Protecting Brickwork: 


Then build protecting brickwork against the Waterproofing around the 
column at least 8 inches in thickness for the first 4 feet in height and 4 inches in 
thickness for the balance. After this work is completed the finish course of 
concrete may be laid over the entire floor. 


Waterproofing Around 
G.F Memb 
Columns 4'Wall Wolerproofing. : 


20. Preparation and Application 
of Waterproofing: 


After the underbed of floor 
concrete is properly graded 
and smoothed off with Port- 
land Cement Mortar and the 
rivet heads are all plastered, 
the Waterproofing is to be 
laid over the entire floor ex- 
tending same up columns to 
a height of 2 to 5 feet (if 
necessary to extend higher, 
system previously mentioned 
should be used), protecting 
the same with 1 inch of Mor- 
tar. Then build 4 inches of 
brickwork against Waterproof- 
ing of columns and lay finish 
ee of concrete over the G.F Membrane Waterproofing, 
oor. 


F 
iS) 
wy 


Column 


Grillage 


”° Cement 
Protection 


Built-up Roofs Over Concrete, Wood or Flat Tile 


21. Concrete Roof: 


The surface of a concrete roof over which Waterproofing is to be applied 
should be smoothly graded with Portland Cement Mortar, leaving no depres- 
sions or rough spots. Over the entire surface lay four plies of GF No. 17 Mop 
Coating and GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt. This is to be laid in accordance with 
sections 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. 


22. Wood Roofs: 


Where Waterproofing is to be laid over wood roofs, the surface of the 
wood should be covered with a layer of building paper lapped at least 2 inches 
and every lap nailed with roofing tins and nails 5 feet apart. 

Then apply Waterproofing in accordance with sections 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. 


23. Tile: 


In case tile is to be laid over the Waterproofing, a bed of cement mortar 
not less than 1 inch in thickness waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Water- 
proofing Paste should be laid over the final coating of GF No. 17. Into this 
the tile should be embedded, bringing them up to a true and even surface. 
The joints between the tile are to be one-quarter inch in width and filled with 
Portland Cement Grout waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing 
Paste. 


24: Slag or Gravel: 

In either case where the finish of the roof is to be of slag or gravel, it 
is to be applied at the same time as the final coating of GF No. 17. The GF 
No. 17 to be applied thickly, pushing into it as much as possible of the slag or 
gravel, in any case not less than 400 pounds of slag or 500 pounds of gravel 
per square. The gravel or slag, whichever is used, must be perfectly dry. If. 
necessary, heat it to obtain this result. 


34 


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Specifications— Continued 


25. Expansion Joints: 


If expansion joints are required, they should be not less than 1 inch in 
width and be filled with GF No. 250 Mastic Cement. 


Floor Construction of Mills, Garages, Stables, Etc. 
26. Wood Floors: 


If gutters are required wooden boxes are to be constructed at least 2 
inches wider and 2 inches deeper than the depth and width of the iron gutters, 
so that there may be a space for applying the Waterproofing (see sketch). 
Over the wood under floor lay one ply of GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt, lapping 
the edges 2 inches and nailing well with flats and nails. Then apply the 


G.F Membrane Woterprooting 
Wood Under Floar) (& Sleeper ¢ & Wood Floor _,/ronGutter & Cover 


DTW ORY OOD SF AMA 
U2 ea Sree” heey 


IS<Us<is<ae 


number of layers of Waterproofing to be used in accordance with sections 1, 
2, 3, 6 and 7, extending this course down and around sides and bottoms of 
gutter boxes. After the iron gutters are installed, fill in under them with hot 
GF No. 17 so that the entire space shall be filled solid. 


27. Laying Sleepers for Finished Floor: 


The sleepers for the finished flooring are to be laid and nailed at the same 
time the surface coating of GF No. 17 is being applied, the carpenters working 
with the waterproofers to the end that the sleepers may be embedded in the 
hot GF No. 17 Mop Coating, and a thorough junction made between the 
coating and the nail so there will be no leak where the nail punctures the 
Waterproofing course. 


28. Concrete Floors: 


Form depressions in the concrete underbed for iron gutters which are to 
have copper flanges on either side at least 6 inches in width. These gutters 
are to be set so that they will come to the proper level in relation to the finish 
floor. After the underbed of concrete is properly smoothed and graded with 
Portland Cement Mortar lay the Waterproofing over the entire floor in accord- 
ance with sections 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, including the depressions for the gutters. 


29. Setting Gutters: 


Set the gutters so that the flanges will rest upon the Waterproofing and fill 
under the gutters solid with GF No. 17 Mop Coating. Then bring the copper 


lron Cover 


lron Gutter 


C. peers an chases 


Concrete 


flanges of the gutter down upon the Waterproofing, nailing these flanges at 
least every 6 inches. Then lay three plies of Waterproofing the full width of 
the flanges, lapping 8 inches out on floor Waterproofing. 


35 


oe 39 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


Specifications— Continued 


30. Protecting Waterproofing: 
Protect the entire surface of the Waterproofing with 1 inch Portland 


permene Mortar and after this has thoroughly set lay the finished concrete 
oor. 


Seepage and Natural Soil Drainage, Dampproofing Against 


31. Materials: 


GF No. 17 Mop Coating, as manufactured by The General Fireproofing 
Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from the manufacturers 
or their authorized Agents and is to be delivered on the building site in original 
packages. It is to be applied without addition or adulteration. 


32. Preparing Surfaces: 

All surfaces to be coated are to be clean, dry and free from all loose 
particles of mortar, etc. 

Wherever water is present it must be carried away by drainage or pump- 
ing so as to maintain the work in an absolutely dry condition. 

33. Application: 

GF No. 17 must be applied (with an ordinary cotton yarn mop) at such 
a degree of heat that it will not lump when it comes in contact with cold 
masonry. The material must be kept at a temperature ranging from 250 to 
3800 degrees in the “kettle” in order to be of proper consistency. 

After the surfaces have been cleaned and are absolutely dry, apply two 
thorough covering coats of GF No. 17 over the footing course and through 
the key, in the following manner: 

First: Coat the entire footing and imbed in this coating (while hot) a 
layer of GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt, allowing same to lap at least 6 inches 
either side of the wall lines. 

Second: Coat this Felt with a thorough coating of GF No. 17, taking 
care that the Felt is not displaced in the operation. 

Third: After the foundation wall is set in place, the lap on the outside 
of the footing is to be turned up and stuck to this wall with a coating of GF 
No. 17, after which two thorough covering coats are to be mopped over the 
outside of the wall up to grade. 


34. Connection to Lap: 


Great care must be taken that a perfect connection is made to the lap 
through the footing. 


35. Floor: 
After the rough concrete floor has been prepared, mop two thorough 
covering coats of GF No. 17 over this surface, connecting with the laps through 


the footings. ; ‘ : ; 
After this has been done, the finish floor is to be laid over this coating. 
(The finish floor in no case to be less than 3 inches in thickness.) 


Specifications for Waterproofing Road Bridges 


1. General: 

The Waterproofing course is to consist of 3 ply or layers (or as many 
ply or layers as the Engineer may direct) of GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt, and 
4-ply, or coatings, of GF No. 17 Mop Coating applied hot. This Waterproofing 
course to be carried over the entire deck of the bridge, flashed up the curbing 
and over the ends. 


z. Materials: 


GF No. 17 Mop Coating, GF No. 18 Waterproof Felt, and GF No. 21 
Saturated Fabric, are to be those manufactured by The General Fireproofing 
Company, Youngstown, Ohio, and are to be purchased direct from the manu- 


36 


Specifications—Continued 


facturers or their authorized Agents. These materials are to be delivered 
on the work in original packages. 


3. Preparing Angles: 

To prevent breaking the Waterproof Felt, Waterproofing shall not be 
applied to right angles, such as between floors and curb, before such angles 
are sloped with cement to form a firm and easy bed for the Waterproofing. 
Before applying Waterproofing over a right angled corner of masonry, the 
corner shall be chipped off and smoothed up with cement mortar to give a 
round turn. 


4. Preparation for Waterproofing: 

All concrete surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of dust, dirt, loose 
particles and other foreign matter. A hand bellows is recommended for clean- 
ing off loose sand and dirt. 


5. Flashing Reglet in Curbs: 

Reglets shall be formed in the curbs at least % inch deep, and of a height 
to bring their top edge at least 1 inch below the finished surface of the 
paving. 

6. Painting Concrete: 

In cold weather, the surface of the concrete shall be painted with two 
coats of GF No. 200. The material for the first coat shall be diluted with 
gasoline so as to give a brownish tint. The second coat shall be applied as it 
comes from the container. Both coats of paint shall be thoroughly worked 
into the surface so as to give a uniform coating. 

Paint shall not be applied to damp concrete or steel. The paint is to be 
applied immediately in advance of the Waterproofing, and before dust or dirt 
has had a chance to collect after cleaning. 


7. Application of Waterproofing: 

After the surface has been prepared in accordance with the foregoing 
specifications, the Waterproofing shall be applied, laying the Waterproofing 
Felt “shingle fashion” transversely to the center line of the bridge in the 
following manner: 

First: The surface of the concrete shall be thoroughly swabbed to the 
width of one sheet of felt with GF No. 17 Mop Coating applied at such a 
degree of heat that it does not lump when it comes in contact with the cold 
masonry, but spreads on evenly. 

Second: Then imbed in the hot GF No. 17 a layer of GF No. 18 Water- 
proof Felt, which is to be carefully pressed down so that there are no wrinkles 
or ridges. 

Third: Swab the surface of this felt thoroughly, and immediately imbed 
another layer of felt in the same manner. 

Fourth: Swab the layer of felt laid down its full width with GF No. 17 
and immediately imbed another layer of felt in the same manner. 

Fifth: The next layer of felt is to lap two-thirds of its width over the 
preceding layer already put down, and is to be swabbed in the same manner. 
All succeeding layers of felt are to lap two-thirds of their width over those 
layers already put down except as hereinafter specified. 

(Note: In lining up the position of the layers of felt use a chalk line to 
designate the width of laps.) 


8. Expansion Joints: 

Sixth: The Waterproofing course is to be carried to within 8 feet of the 
expansion joint, at which point the final layer of felt is to be omitted, and the 
work started again 8 feet on the opposite side of the expansion joint. 

Seventh: A 2-ply course of GF No. 17 and GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric 
is to be laid shingle fashion over this expansion joint, running horizontally to 
the center line of the bridge. This course is to lap 3 feet over the GF No. 
18 Waterproof Felt already down. 


37 


Specifications—Continued 


Eighth: After this 2-ply course of GF Nos. 17 and 21 has been applied 
and thoroughly sealed, a layer of felt is to be laid across the end of the course 
of GF Nos. 17 and 21 so as to thoroughly seal it to the course of GF Nos. 17 
and 18. This layer of Felt must be thoroughly sealed, two-thirds of its width 
lapping onto the GF No. 17 and GF No. 21 and one-third onto the course of 
GF Nos. 17 and 18. 


; Ninth: Two sealing layers of felt are to be laid along the curb, flash- 
ing into the reglet. These sheets shall be as long as possible and, where it 
is necessary to lap sheets at the ends, this lap shall be at least 3 feet. 


Tenth: Then the entire surface of the Waterproofing is to be thoroughly 
swabbed with a heavy coating of GF No. 17 Mop Coating, using one gallon for 
every 25 square feet of surface. 


9. Protecting Waterproofing: 


The surface of the Waterproofing is to be protected with 1 inch of cement 
mortar applied rather wet. 


10. Sand Cushion: 


The sand cushion is to be the thickness specified by the Chief Engineer, 
and must not be put down until the plaster coat has thoroughly hardened. 


11. Flashings Over Bridge Ends: 


A 8-ply course of GF Nos. 17 and 18 is to be carried down over the ends 
of the bridge at least 3 feet. This flashing must extend back onto the surface 
of the deck Waterproofing at least 6 feet. 


12. Connecting Waterproofing to Pipes, Conduits, Etc.: 


All pipes, conduits, etc., passing through the Waterproofing are to have 
copper flanges extending 8 inches out on floors, and 5 inches up on pipes. 
After the Waterproofing is installed, these flanges are to be placed, sticking 
the under surface of the flange to the Waterproofing with hot GF No. 17 and 
soldering the top to the pipe. Then apply over these flanges 3 ply of Water- 
proofing solidly stuck to the flanges and extended 8 inches out on floor 
Waterproofing. 


BRIDGE, WESTERN DIVISION, PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD, Fort Wayne, Ind. Water- 
proofed with GF Nos. 17, 21 and 250. Engineer, Guy Scott. 


38 


== 3) 


See SS Se EO =) 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


See “fal 


oes 


GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric 


On some jobs where it is advisable to use Membrane Water- 
proofing, the advent of even a slight leak would cause a great deal 
of damage, and very often the natural vibration of the structure 
or its expansion and contraction are so great that a waterproof felt 
will not withstand the strain. 

Under such conditions a fabric must be used that is excep- 
tionally elastic, expanding in any direction without danger of break- 
ing, and with enough tensile strength to hold off a considerable 
head of water in case there is a split in the backing wall or floor. 
Bridge decks, above-grade swimming pools and similar structures 
require this class of Waterproofing, and as there are often a great 
many sharp angles to turn, the fabric must be flexible enough to 
fit snugly without cracking. 

GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric consists of a heavy, fine quality 
cotton fabric so saturated with pure bitumen that every thread 
and fiber is thoroughly soaked with the waterproofing. This method 
not only effectively waterproofs the fabric but also preserves all 
of its natural tensile strength, elasticity and flexibility. 

It can be depended upon to keep out water in case of a frac- 
ture in the steel, brick or concrete backing which might be caused 
by expansion, vibration or settling. In laying waterproofing courses 
with GF No. 21, it is not necessary to cover up right angles with 
cement mortar for the fabric is entirely flexible and takes right 
angles without breaking. 

Two plies of GF No. 21 will be found sufficient for any water- 
proofing job. 


FAIRMOUNT TELEPHONE EXCHANGE, Cleveland, Ohio.—GF No. 15 Trowel Coating Used 
in Basement. Contractor, Geo. A. Rutherford, Cleveland. 


39 


OcSS——_- 10 


(THE GENERAL FIREPROOF] 


Q Ss 


iG_CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


50 


Specifications for Waterproofing with GF No. 17 
Mop Coating and GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric 


1. General Conditions: 


The Waterproofing course to consist of 2 ply of GF No. 21 Saturated 
Fabric and 3 ply or coatings of GF No. 17 Mop Coating applied hot. This 
Waterproofing course to be carried across all footings, both interior and exte- 
rior, under all floors and partitions, including the side walls and floors of any 
eee pits, and under and up all walls in contact with the ground to grade 
evel. 


2. Material: 


GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric as manufactured 
by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, are to be purchased 
direct from the manufacturers or their authorized Agents, and are to be 
delivered on the building site in original packages. 


3. Applying Waterproofing to Footing and Through Key: 


After the masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned of 
projections and foreign matter, the surface of the footing is to be swabbed 
with hot GF No. 17. In this hot coating is to be imbedded fabric of sufficient 
width to extend 6 inches on either side of the wall line. Then the surface of 
this fabric already imbedded is to be thoroughly swabbed with hot GF No. 17 
and another layer of fabric imbedded the full width of the layer already put 
down. The surface of this second layer of fabric is to be thoroughly swabbed. 


4. Protecting Footing Waterproofing: Concrete Walls: 


In case the wall is to be of concrete, lay two 6-inch wide by 2-inch thick 
planks, the inner edge of which come to the wall line, these planks to thor- 
oughly cover the fabric and be fastened together with cleats. The space 
intervening between these planks—which should be the width of the finished 
wall—is to be coated with a one-inch nrotective coat of cement mortar. When 
the forms are set for the wall the cleats should be removed but the planks left 
in place and the wall forms set on them. 

When the wall forms are removed, these planks may be removed with 
them, great care being taken to see that the lap extending on either side of 
the wall is not damaged by nails or the dropping of any planks or girders on 
the lap. 


Brick Walls: 

Before any laying of brick is commenced, two planks must be laid, one on 
either side of the contemplated wall line, these planks to be 6 inches wide and 
2 inches thick. They are to be fastened together by wire across the opening. 
The space representing the width of the wall is to be troweled 1 inch thick 
with cement mortar, great care being taken not to displace the plank protec- 
tion in this operation. 

Then the brick wall is to be built on top of this plaster coating, the 
plank being allowed to remain in place until this wall is entirely finished and 
all brick and debris removed from the site. 

Then these planks may be removed from over the Waterproofing and the 
work of waterproofing the walls begun. 


5. Wall Waterproofing: 

First: The 6-inch lap already left laying on the outside of the wall line 
is to be turned up and sealed to the wall with a swabbing of GF No. 17. Then 
the Waterproofing course is to be applied as hereinafter specified. 


If Either GF No. 15 Trowel Coating or GF No. 16 Foundation Brush 
Coating are to be used before the First Coat of Mop Coating is Applied: 


First: After the masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned 
of projections and foreign matter, an under coating of GF No. 15 or 16 isto 
be applied over the entire surface to be waterproofed. After this coat has 
thoroughly set, the surface to the width of one strip of Fabric is to be thor- 
oughly swabbed with a good even coat of GF No. 17 applied at such a degree 
of heat that it does not lump but spreads evenly over the surface. Then a 


40 


[c[——]} 


oO) $$ ———— oe ——I[5 


Specifications—Continued 


sheet of GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric is to be immediately imbedded in this 
hot coating and carefully pressed down so there are no wrinkles or ridges. 
Then proceed as hereinafter specified under second swabbing. 


Where the GF No. 17 Mop Coating is to be Applied Directly to the 
Surface of the Masonry: 


First: After the masonry surface has been thoroughly dried and cleaned 
of projections and foreign matter, the surface to the width of one strip of 
Fabric is to be thoroughly swabbed with a good even coat of GF No. 17 applied 
at such a degree of heat that it does not lump when it comes in contact with 
the cold masonry but spreads on smoothly; then a sheet of GF No. 21 Saturated 
Fabric is to be immediately imbedded in this hot coating and carefully pressed 
down so that there are no wrinkles or ridges. 


(Note: A common street sweeper’s broom is a very good thing to press 
the fabric into place with.) 


Second: Swab this sheet of fabric with a thorough coating of GF No. 
17, then lay another thickness of GF No. 21 over the full width of the sheet 
already placed, and mop this thoroughly with another coating of GF No. 17. 


Third: The next strip of Fabric is to be lapped 19 inches over the pre- 
ceding sheet of Fabric just mopped and is to be mopped in the same manner. 


Fourth: The next strip of Fabric is to be lapped 19 inches over the pre- 
ceding sheet of Fabric already placed and mopped in the same manner. 


This method of procedure is to be continued until the whole surface is 
covered. After the entire surface to be waterproofed has been covered, all 
flashings and joints made, the entire top surface of the fabric is to receive 
a thick mop coating of the GF No. 17. 


6. Laying Waterproofing Over Floors: 


After the concrete underbed has been cleaned and all depressions filled up 
with cement mortar and the same is perfectly dry, the first ply of Water- 
proofing shall be laid as heretofore specified, great care being taken that a 
firm joint is made between this layer and a lap of 6 inches left extending on 
the inside of the wall. 


7. Protection of Waterproofing: 


After the Waterproofing course over the floor or over the side walls has 
been finished, it shall be protected with a 1-inch thick plaster coat of 1:2 
cement mortar applied directly over the last swabbing of GF No. 17. 


A single course of brick may be used to protect the side wall Water- 
proofing. In case brick is used great care should be taken in the laying, to 
be sure that the Waterproofing course is not punctured. 


8. Connecting Waterproofing to Pipes, Conduits, etc.: 


All pipes, conduits, etc., passing through the Waterproofing are to have 
copper flanges extending 8 inches out on floors and 5 inches up on pipes or 
conduits. After Waterproofing is installed these flanges are to be placed, 
sticking the under surface of the flange to the Waterproofing with hot GF 
No. 17 and soldering the top to the conduit or pipe. Then apply over these 
flanges three plies of Waterproofing solidly stuck to the flanges, coated, and 
extended 8 inches out on floor Waterproofing. 


9. Flanges for Hot Water and Steam Pipes: 


In the case of hot water or steam pipes the flanges must be of iron and 
the pipes threaded so that the flanges can be screwed onto the pipes, using red 
lead to render the screw joints water-tight. After the flanges have been 
screwed in place these lower edges should be waterproofed with 3 plies of 
Waterproofing solidly stuck to the flare of the flange and the Waterproofing 
earried out over the floor at least 8 inches. 


41 


(THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


Specifications—Continued 


Waterproofing Against Heavy Pressure in Conjunction 
with a Drainage System 


General: Sections 1 to 9 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 


10. Draining: 

Sufficient drainage gutters or hollow tile drains must be installed to lead 
out all water. They must all lead to a sump pit in which is installed a pump 
to eject the water drained to this pit. 


11. Flashing at Top of Wall: 

After the wall Waterproofing has been finished up to the desired height, 
a lap of 4 inches is to be left so that the Waterproofing can be turned back 
into the wall 4 inches at grade level to prevent water seeping in over the top 
of the Waterproofing. 


12, Permanent Sump Hole: 

The rim for this permanent sump hole should be furnished with a cast 
iron flange or some type of metal flange firmly attached to it by waterproofed 
joint, so that the Membrane Waterproofing may be flashed to either side of 
this projection on the rim to afford a perfectly waterproof joint. 


Heavy Pressure without the Installation of Drainage 
System, to be Waterproofed Against 


General: Sections 1 to 12 to be carefully followed, and 


13. Protecting Wall: 

Before the protecting wall is laid a 1-inch coat of cement plaster should 
be applied over the entire course of Waterproofing. In laying the protecting 
wall, great care is to be taken not to injure the Waterproofing and all joints 
of the brickwork are to be well filled wtih mortar, having the latter rather wet 
and using a shove joint. 


Leaky Basement, Boiler Pit or Elevator Pit to 
be Waterproofed 


General: Sections 1 to 13 are to be carefully followed, and 
Method No. 1 


14. Wall Construction: 

First: Build an outer wall 12 inches thick and 3 feet in height; then set 
back from the inner face 4 inches and build 3 feet more of wall; then set 
back again from the inner face 4 inches and build 3 feet more in height. 

Second: Apply a Waterproofing course consisting of 2 ply of GF Nos. 
17 and 21 to the inner face of the wall in accordance with section 5, extending 
it across the full width of the footing on the inside and carrying it out across 
the full width of the wall at the top. 

Third: Protect the Waterproofing with a 1-inch plaster coat as herebe- 
fore specified and build against this a wall of the same height as that already 
built, with the necessary additional brickwork to bring the wall to the 
required thickness. 

Fourth: Bring the lap of the Waterproofing across the top of the 
wall to the inner edge. 

Fifth: On top of the wall already built, build an outer wall 12 inches 
thick, 3 feet in height as before; then step back 4 inches and build 3 feet; 
step back 4 inches and build 3 feet. 

Sixth: Connect the lap of Waterproofing left at the base of this second 
wall and extend it up the inner face of the second piece of wall and lap on 
top as before. 

42 


— 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


oeso0 


—————— 


Specifications— Continued 


Seventh: Then build the additional thickness of wall necessary to resist 
Poe uressule against the Waterproofing and extend the lap across the entire 
wall. 

Continue in this manner until the full desired height is reached. 


(Note: Under the conditions mentioned, a careful computation must be 
made of the greatest hydrostatic pressure that will be encountered and the 
wall on the inside of the Waterproofing course must be of sufficient strength to 
resist this pressure.) 

Method No. 2 


15. Reinforcing Waterproofing: 

After sections 1 to 18 have been complied with, the Waterproofing is to 
be carried up the inner face of wall to grade level and then protect it by 
retaining walls of masonry 8 inches in thickness to one-half the height and 4 
inches in thickness to the balance of the height of the wall. 


Waterproofing Around Columns and Under Grillages 


16. Waterproofing Course: 

After the surface to be waterproofed has been prepared in accordance 
with sections 1 to 4 and 6 and before the grillages are set, 3 ply of GF No. 21 
and 4-ply of GF No. 17 are to be laid on the bed where these grillages are to 
be set, extending the Waterproofing out over the full size of the column footing. 
The whole layer of Waterproofing is to be thoroughly protected with a 1-inch 
coat of Portland Cement Mortar. 


17. Filling Column Shoes: 


After the columns are set the 
shoes are to be filled solid with 
Portland Cement Grout, the rivet 
heads plastered over even and 
smooth and the underbed of 
floor concrete properly smoothed 
and graded with Portland Ce- 
ment. Then lay the Waterproof- 
ing over the floor connecting it 
to the lap under the grillages, 
after freeing this lap of the 
Portland Cement Mortar Coat- 
ing, and extend the Waterproof- 
ing up the columns to the de- 
sired height above the floor. 


(This should be at least 12 ae ee eee 


4 Woll 


1.—8 Walk 


Concrete 


inches above the highest water 
level.) 


18. Protecting Brickwork: 

Then build protecting brickwork against the Waterproofing around the 
column at least 8 inches in thickness for the first 4 feet in height and 4 inches 
in thickness for the balance. After this work is completed the finish course 
of concrete may be laid over the entire floor. 

(Note: The hydrostatic heads to be resisted must be computed and the 
brickwork surrounding this Waterproofing made of sufficient strength to resist 
the entire water pressure.) 


Waterproofing Around Columns 


19. Preparation and Application of Waterproofing: 

After the underbed of floor concrete is properly graded and smoothed 
off with Portland Cement Mortar and the rivet heads are all plastered, the 
Waterproofing is to be laid over the entire fioor extending same up columns 
to a height of 2 to 5 feet (if necessary to extend higher, use method specified 


43 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


= ) 


seo 


Specifications—Continued 


in sections 16 to 19). Protect the same with 1 inch of Portland Cement Mor- 
tar. Then build 4 inches of brickwork against Waterproofing and lay finish 
course of concrete over entire floor. 


Built-up Roofs over Concrete, Wood or Flat Tile 


20. Concrete Roof: 


The surface of a concrete roof over which Waterproofing is to be applied 
should be screeded as smoothly as possible. Over the entire surface lay 2-ply 
(or 1-ply if desired) of GF No. 17 Mop Coating and GF No. 21 Saturated 
Fabric. This is to be laid in accordance with sections 1, 2, 6 and 7. 


21. Wood Roof: 


Where Waterproofing is to be laid over the surface of wood roofs, the 
surface of the wood should be covered with a layer of building paper lapped 
at least 2 inches and every lap nailed with roofing tins and nails 5 feet on 
ang Then apply the Waterproofing in accordance with sections 1, 2, 6 
and 7. 


22. Tile Roof: 


In case tile is to be laid over the Waterproofing, a bed of cement mortar 
not less than 1 inch in thickness, waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Water- 
proofing Paste, should be laid over the final coating of GF No. 17 and into this 
the tile should be imbedded, bringing them up toa true and even surface. The 
joints between the tile are to be one-quarter inch in width and filled with Port- 
oer Cement Grout waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing 

aste. 


23. Slag or Gravel: 


In either case where the finish of the roof is to be of slag or gravel it 
is to be applied at the same time as the final coating of GF No. 17. The GF 
No. 17 to be applied thickly, pushing into it as much as possible of the slag or 
gravel, in no case less than 400 pounds of slag or 500 pounds of gravel per 
square. The gravel or slag, whichever is used, must be perfectly dry. If 
necessary it is to be heated to obtain this result. 


24. Expansion Joints: 


If expansion joints are required, they should be not less than 1 inch in 
width and be filled with GF No. 250 Mastic Cement. 


Floor Construction of Mills, Garages, Stables, Etc. 


25. Wood Floors: 

If gutters are required, wooden boxes are to be constructed at least 2 
inches wider and 2 inches deeper than the depth and width of the iron gutters, 
so that there may be a space for applying the Waterproofing (see sketch page 
35). Over the wood underfloor lay one ply of GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric, 
lapping the edges 2 inches and nailing well with flats and nails. 

Swab this layer of fabric thoroughly with GF No. 17 in which is to be 
immediately imbedded another layer of GF No. 21 the joints of which are to 
lap the joints of the layer already put down. The top surface of this second 
layer of GF No. 21 is to be thoroughly swabbed with GF No. 17 according to 
sections 1, 2,6 and 7. This Waterproofing is to be extended down and around 
sides and bottom of gutter boxes. 

After the iron gutters are installed, fill in under them with hot GF No. 
17 so that the entire space shall be solid. 


26. Laying Sleepers for Finished Floor: 


The sleepers for the finished flooring are to be laid and nailed at the 
same time the surface coating of GF No. 17 is being applied, the carpenters 
working with the waterproofers to the end that the sleepers may be embedded 
in the hot GF No. 17 Mop Coating, and a thorough junction made between 
the coating and the nail so there will be no leaks where the nail punctures 
the Waterproofing course. 


44 


es 12] 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | 


= = 0 


Specifications— Continued 


27. Concrete Floors: 

Form depressions in concrete underbed for iron gutters which are to have 
copper flanges on either side at least 6 inches in width. These gutters are to 
be set so that they will come to the proper level in relation to the finish floor. 
After the underbed of concrete is properly smoothed and graded with Portland 
Cement Mortar lay the Waterproofing over the entire floor, in accordance to 
sections 1, 2, 6 and 7, including the depressions for the gutters. 


28. Setting Gutters: 

Set the gutters so that the flanges will rest upon the Waterproofing and 
fill under the gutters solid with GF No. 17 Mop Coating. Then bring the 
copper flanges of the gutter down upon the Waterproofing. Then lay 38 plies 
of Waterproofing the full width of the flanges, lapping 8 inches out on floor 
Waterproofing. 


29. Protecting Waterproofing: 
Protect the entire surface of the Waterproofing with 1 inch of Portland 
Cement Mortar and after this has thoroughly set lay the finished concrete floor. 


idler 
Yembrane Neterpwootng 
Course GEN? /7é 2/ Linameled Va 
: PIT, ie 
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pe Linameled Brick ee 
Membrane Nelerproalbm| 


HORIZONTAL SECTION Coie GFW! 17620 =i a AE 
AT CORNER. 


VERTICAL SECTION = 


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| Zipandld Meld 


Details of Swimming Pool Waterproofing 


Waterproofing Swimming Pools to Resist Inside Pressure 
General: Sections 1 to 11 should be carefully followed, and 


30. Application: 
The Waterproofing course is to be carried over the floor and up the sides 
of the pool, lapping it over under the platform around pool and up the side 


45 


THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


Sa ———y 


Specifications—Continued 


walls at the edge of this platform at least 6 inches. Then the Waterproofing 
is to be covered with an inch coat of mortar before the concrete floor and 
sidewall or brick inner lining of the pool is placed. 


31. Pipes: 


All pipes or drains passing through the Waterproofing course are to have 
copper or screw flanges in accordance with sections 8 and 9 


Waterproofing Swimming Pool Against Inside 
and Outside Pressure 


General: Sections 1 to 11 are to be followed, and 


32. Reinforcing Wall: 


In this construction a continuous Waterproofing course must be carried 
under and over the floor; up the inside and outside of walls. The outside wall 
course shall be laid over footings before walls are placed, then carried up 
outside. The under-floor Waterproofing should be laid on the rough underbed 
and protected before the concrete slab is poured. . 

The Waterproofing inside the pool should be laid continuously over the 
floor and up the side walls. This waterproofing may be protected with plaster, 
brick, tile or enameled brick as the architect may direct. 

The concrete wall must be heavy enough to withstand either the inside 
or outside pressure. 

Great care must be taken to connect the membrane very carefully to all 
pipes, dowels, drains or other obstructions to a continuous course. 


Waterproofing Steel Deck or Concrete Floor 
Railroad Bridges 


General: Sections 1, 2 and 6 to 9 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 


33. Construction: 


A. Depth: The depth of the steel or concrete construction shall be 
sufficient from the top of the rail to the top of steel or concrete floor to allow 
of the installation of sufficient protection of concrete or brick to prevent cut- 
ting the Waterproofing by the action of the ballast. 


B. Drainage: The surface to which the Waterproofing is applied shall 
be pitched so that all water washing down through to the Waterproofing may 
be removed promptly. Where this is not done in the steel, concrete shall be 
laid so as to drain the water to the inlets. 

C. Inlet: Cast iron inlets shall be set at proper places in the floor and 
provided with movable grated covers. The down spout from these inlets shall 
be provided with traps and clean-outs which shall be accessible from below 
the bridge. 

D. Half-through Girder: Where the top of the girder approximates the 
same height as the top of the rail, the Waterproofing and protection shall cover 
the entire top of the girder. 

E. Apron-plate: The apron-plate from the steel floor over the back 
wall shall be provided with a curb angle against which to finish the Water- 
proofing, and to this angle shall be riveted a vertical plate to prevent dirt 
from collecting under the apron-plate. The apron-plate shall slide freely on 
the backing wall either over a downward curved surface or a flat. 


34. Protection of Waterproofing: 

After completion of the Waterproofing the entire surface shall be cov- 
ered and protected by one of the following methods: 

First: Straight hard burned brick laid flat, with the joints filled either 
with GF No. 17 or with cement grout in which has been incorporated GF No. 
10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. 


46 


ee 6 ——— eee 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


es 


o&s3o0 


Specifications— Continued 


Second: A layer of concrete from 2% to 3 inches thick with GF Wire 
Fabric Reinforcement. 


35. Preparation for Waterproofing: 


A. Concrete: Wherever called for by the plans the decks of the bridge 
shall be protected with 1:3:5 concrete mixed as specified and finished with 
1:2 cement mortar % inch thick troweled to a smooth, even surface as shown. 
This concrete and mortar shall be allowed to dry thoroughly so as to prevent 
the formation of steam when the hot Waterproofing is applied. 


B. Cleaning: All vertical or sloping surfaces of concrete or steel shall 
be thoroughly cleaned of dust, dirt, loose particles, paint and grease. The 
use of a hand bellows is recommended for cleaning off loose sand and dirt. 
For cleaning paint and grease and freshening the surface of the GF No. 17 
where a junction of old and new is to be made, or where a pocket of GF No. 
250 Mastic Cement is to be used against the girders, gasoline shall be used. 
This may be done either by swabbing the surface with it, or, where steel is 
to be cleaned, pouring a small quantity over the surface to be cleaned and 
setting fire to it. The use of a blow torch is also recommended. 

C. Painting Steel and Concrete: The surface shall then be painted with 
2 coats of GF No. 200. The material for the first coat shall be diluted with 
gasoline so as to give a brownish tint. The second coat shall leave the sur- 
face a very dark brown—almost black. Both coats of paint shall be carefully 
applied and thoroughly worked into the surface, to give a uniform coating. 

Paint shall not be applied to damp concrete or steel. The paint is to be 


applied immediately in advance of the Waterproofing and before dust and dirt 
have a chance to collect after the cleaning. 


—4z¢ 


: The Anchor Bolts (3'0"€-¢) _- Top of Kar! 


||) GFNo250 Pe a, eee 


fe 


OD Crate ot nfet- 


Brick 25 ape 
SEE 


. _Lapanded Mete/ or 
Wire VBEGE Remfporcement 


Wea. 
CROSS-SECTION THRU BACK WALL 


He 


ZZ Le ag (LILI LILILE) 


BY speared Danae 


CONNECTING WATERPROOFING TO STEEL GIRDER 


6 


1-072 roy Shere Wein f— 1-6 — 3 1-0- 
+ Bz of |:3:5 Concrete UES UE EUs a Ho | 
ots prs 


GF No. 250 
Zep of Kail + 


Brick 2s specfied 


Vein MODOC IG” OS. P oO, CMO ae 


a A 
ere 


. 2 phes of GF N°/7 4 2/ 
S thoroughly Hashed against girders a 


7 


TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 


47 


|THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


[oO] =e [0) 


Specifications—Continued 


D. Pouring Concrete: All concrete shall be poured as the chief engineer 
shall direct. It shall be of such consistency that when placed it will not 
require much tamping and shall be laid to aid the watertightness of the struc- 
ture, not merely as a support for the Waterproofing materials. All exposed 
surfaces shall be troweled to a smooth, hard finish. 

In cases where concrete haunching against girders is called for by the 
plans, forms shall be used, and the concrete shall be of a wet consistency. 


36. Application of Waterproofing: 


On the surface prepared as hereinbefore specified apply GF No. 17 Mop 
Coating and GF No. 21 Saturated Fabric in accordance with sections 1, 2 and 
6 to 9 inclusive. 

All flashing and reinforcing around inlets and other places specified shall 
be carefully executed. 

Waterproofing shall not be done in wet weather nor at a temperature 
below 82 degrees Fahrenheit without special orders from the chief engineer. 
The Saturated Fabric shall be laid shingle fashion transversely to the center 
line of the bridge and shall be carried up the haunching and secured against 
the girder by the use of an angle bolted through the girder and over the 
Waterproofing as shown. 

The finish of the Waterproofing against girders or concrete shall be made 
with a pocket of GF No. 250 Mastic Cement. The surface with which this 
material comes in contact shall be dry, absolutely free from grease or dust, 
and, previous to its application, shall be covered with a thin paint of GF No. 
200 diluted with gasoline. 

Particular care shall be taken to make a tight joint around gussets, 
stiffeners and the ends of girders. Care shall be taken to prevent injury in any 
way to the Waterproofing by the passing of men or wheelbarrows over it, or 
by throwing any foreign material upon it. 

After the Waterproofing course has been completed, the horizontal sur- 
faces shall be protected by a course of straight, hard burned, dense brick, laid 
flat in a bed of 1:3 Cement Mortar with full joint. There shall be not less 
than % inch of mortar between the Waterproofing course and the brick. 

About 18 inches in width of the horizontal surface adjacent to the haunch- 
ing shall be protected by about 2% inches of 1:3:5 concrete reinforced with 
GF Wire Fabric. 

Every care shall be taken to insure satisfactory and thoroughly water- 
tight joints between the main layer of Waterproofing and girder; special 
attention shall be given to stiffeners, etc. The Waterproofing shall also be 
earried down over the back walls between the elevation of the bridge seat as 
shown on the plans or as directed. 

Rolls of Waterproofing shall be stored on their side. 

Waterproofing shall be done by experienced and expert waterproofers 


only. 


GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating 


Waterproofing substructural work against moisture and ordi- 
nary surface drainage can be done economically with a foundation 
brush coating. Such a coating, when brushed thoroughly into all 
the pores and small reveals in a brick, masonry or concrete founda- 
tion, effectively repels any dampness or seepage except that from 
a direct head of water. 

It must, however, be thin enough to spread readily under the 
brush and must bond thoroughly, at the same time remaining pliant 
to expand or contract with the wall and not crack or scale off. 


48 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | 


ose 


GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating is a heavy bitumen of 
such consistency that it can be applied cold with an ordinary paint 
brush. It bonds tightly to the wall, but yields to expansion or con- 
traction without danger to the tough film which makes up the 
waterproofing agent. GF No. 16 Brush Coating, in connection with 
a reinforcing layer of felt or burlap, is sometimes used to meet even 
more severe conditions than natural soil drainage presents. 


To thoroughly protect substructures against surface drainage 
and the absorption of moisture through capillary attraction the 
waterproof course must extend over the footings and on top of the 


OHIO MASONIC HOME-—Boys’ Dormitory, Springfield, O.—GF No. 16 for Foundation Damp- 
proofing. Architect, Richards, McCarty & Bulford, Columbus. Contractor, 
Cullen & Vaughn Co., Springfield, O 


underbed of the concrete fioor, as well as on the outside of walls in 
contact with the surrounding soil. For this work the use of GF No. 
16 is the most economical method. It does not require heating and 
is very easily applied. 


The covering capacity of GF No. 16 varies from 40 to 75 square 
feet of surface per gallon. So much depends on the nature of the 
surface to be covered that a closer general estimate cannot be 
made. 


49 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


ig} 


{of pee |<) 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating 


General Conditions: 
1. Material: 


_ GF No. 16 Foundation Brush Coating, as manufactured by The General 
Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from 
the manufacturers or their authorized Agents and is to be delivered on the 


building site in original packages. It is to be applied without addition or 
adulteration. 


2. Preparing Surfaces: 

Surfaces to be coated are to be clean, dry and wire brushed to be sure 
that they are free from all loose particles of mortar, etc. 
3. Drainage: 


Whatever water is present must be carried away by drainage or pumping 
so as to maintain the work in an absolutely dry condition. 


Seepage and Natural Soil Drainage 
4. Application: 

After the surfaces have been thoroughly cleaned and are absolutely dry, 
apply two thorough covering coats of GF No. 16 over the footing course and 
through the key in the following manner: 

First: Coat the entire footing and imbed in this coating a layer of GF 
Waterproof Felt, allowing same to lap at least 6 inches either side of the. 
wall line. 

Second: Coat this Felt with a thorough coating of GF No. 16, taking care 
that the Felt is not displaced in the operation. 


NOYES HOSPITAL, St. Joseph, Mo.—Used GF No. 16 Waterproofing. 
Architect, Rudolph Meier, St. Joseph. 


50 


Specifications—_Continued 


Third: After the foundation wall is set the lap on the outside of the 
footing is to be turned up and stuck to this wall with a coating of GF No. 
16, after which two thorough covering coats are to be brushed over the outside 
of the wall up to grade. 

5. Connecting Lap: 

Great care must be taken to obtain a perfect connection to the lap through 
the footing. 
6. Floors: 


After the rough concrete floor has been prepared, two thorough covering 
coats of GF No. 16 are to be brushed over this surface, connecting with the 
laps through the footing and the finished floor laid over this coating. (The 
finish floor in no case to be less than 3 inches in thickness.) 


Dampproofing Interior Face of Walls before Erecting Metal 
Furring and Lathing, or Tile or Hollow Brick Furring 


7. Application: 


Two thorough covering coats of GF No. 16 are to be applied over the 
entire face of all exposed walls, carrying the coating into all recesses and 
reveals and out on all connecting partitions and ceilings at least 18 inches 
from the side walls. 


Then erect the metal lath or tile furring as usual. 


Waterproofing Tanks, Cisterns, Etc. 
8. Application: Mec ten uate em 


After the surfaces have been prepared in accordance with sections 1 to 
3 inclusive, 2 thorough coats of GF No. 16 are to be applied to the side walls 
and floors of (name whether cisterns, tanks, etc.) and then this material is 
to be protected with a lining of either plaster, brick, tile or some other coy- 
ering to protect it against abrasion. 


GF No. 15 Trowel Coating 


Where a considerable water pressure must be combatted on 
substructural work, or where the walls to be waterproofed offer 
very uneven surfaces, a liquid compound cannot be used effectively. 
The waterproofing element should have a heavier body which will 
offer resistance to pressure, and fill all the pores or other irregu- 
larities in the wall. 

The coating applied must be soft enough so that it works 
readily into these small holes and bonds thoroughly, with enough 
elasticity in itself to meet natural expansion and contraction with- 
out cracking or crumbling off. 

GF No. 15 Trowel Coating is made with the same high grade 
bituminous base as GF Nos. 16 and 200 and with just enough body 
to give a stiff, putty-like consistency.: It can be used either above 
or below grade and is especially effective for waterproofing rough 
walls, whether stone, concrete or brick. 

It bonds tightly to the surface and possesses elasticity to meet 
any ordinary variations in walls. The finished coating is water- 
proof, and also repels the acids which are frequently present in 
ground water. 

GF No. 15 is very easily applied and can be put on by anyone 
familiar with the use of a trowel. It does not stick to the trowel, 


51 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


Specifications—Continued 


but works as smoothly as Gypsum plaster. An ordinary workman 
can easily cover from 600 to 800 square feet per day, depending 
on the thickness of the coat to be used. 


Covering Capacity 


Coating 1/16” Pek mie cis salt nucleate orci 26 sq. ft. per gallon 
Coating 2A ICI ahs. Sites Wate Stata etac peice 388 sq. ft. per gallon 
Coating 1 /(SA-athickw, aie. ote. tee: 51 sq. ft. per gallon 


Specifications for Applying GF No. 15 


Trowel Coating 
1. Material: 


GF No. 15 Trowel Coating as manufactured by The General Fireproofing 

Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from the manufacturers 

“1 or their authorized Agents, and is to be delivered on 

the building site in original packages. It is to be 
applied without adulteration or addition. 


2. Preparing Surfaces: 


After (mention surfaces) are thoroughly cleaned 
and dry, the coating may be applied. 


=\7/"Cement 
; Protection. 


YG F NSIS 


3. Drainage: 


Whatever water is present must be carried away by drainage or pumping 
so as to maintain the work in an absolutely dry condition. 


Seepage and Natural Soil Drainage—Waterproofing Against 


4. Footing Course: 


After the surfaces have been prepared in accordance with sections 1 to 
3, apply with a trowel over the footing course a coating of GF No. 15 not less 
than 1/16 inch thick. Cover this with one layer of GF No. 18 Waterproof 
Felt, allowing the latter to project on both sides of the wall at least 6 inches 
beyond the line of the foundation wall to be erected on the footing. Then this 
protecting layer of GF No. 18 Felt is to be covered with a coating of GF No. 
15 1/16 inch thick. | 


5. Wall Waterproofing: 


After the foundation wall is set, the lap on the outside of the footing is 
to be turned up and stuck to this wall with a coating of GF No. 15, after 
which a coating 1/16 incn thick 1s to be troweled over the entire outside of the 
wall up to the grade line. Take great care that a perfect connection is made 
with the lap through the footings. 


6. Floor Waterproofing: 


After the rough concrete floor has been prepared, a trowel coating 1/16 
inch thick and connecting wtih the lap through the wall over the footing must 
be applied over the entire floor before the finish floor is laid. 

hare The finish floor in no case is to be less than 3 inches in thick- 
ness. 


oe 3 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


! 


Specifications— Continued 
High Pressure of Water in Conjunction with Drainage System 


General: Sections 1 to 6 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 
7. Sump Pits: 

Before actual waterproofing can be commenced, it is necessary to build 
a permanent sump pit into which all the water shall be drained by means of 
trencnes filled with broken stone or porous tile drain pipe covered with a sheet 
of Waterproof Felt, over which the Waterproofing is to be carried. Provision 


must be made for the ejection of water collected in the sump pit, by means 
of a pump or otherwise, to keep the substructures free from all pressure. 


Dampproofing Interior Face of Walls Before Erecting Metal 
Furring and Lathing, or Tile or Hollow Brick Furring 


General: Sections 1 and 2 are to be carefully followed, and 
8. Application: 
Trowel a thorough coat of GF No. 15 over the entire wall, carrying it into 


all recesses and reveals and out on all connecting partitions and ceilings 6 
inches from side wall. Then erect the Metal Lath or Tile Furring as usual. 


Waterproofing Parapet Walls and Under Copings 


General: Sections 1 and 2 are to be carefully followed, and 
9. Application: 

Apply to the inside face of all parapet walls a trowel coating of GF No. 
15 not less than 1/16 inch thick, carrying this coating over top of wall before 
the cement bed for the coping is laid. This coating should be carried under 


all cap and base flashings and used as a flexible filler for the joint of the cap 
flashing. 


Underbedding Wood or Concrete Under-Floors of 
Mills, Garages, Stables, Etc. 


10. Wood Floor: 


Where GF No. 15 Trowel Coating is to be applied over wood under-floors, 
first nail down rosin sized sheathing paper to present a continuous surface to 
receive the Waterproofing. Trowel over the entire floor surface GF No. 15 
Trowel Coating not less than 1/16 inch thick, taking care to make same level 
as well as continuous. This coating to be carried down the sides of gutters 
and depressions and up side walls, columns, etc., to a height not less than one 
inch above finished floor level. 


11. Concrete Floor: 


After the rough concrete floor has been prepared, a trowel coating 1/16 
inch thick is to be applied over the whole surface, carrying it down the sides 
of gutters and depressions and up side walls, columns, etc., to a height not less 
than 1 inch above finished floor level. 


Flat Tile in Roof or Floor Construction to 
be Waterproofed 


General: Sections 1 and 2 are to be carefully followed, and 


12. Wood Base: 


Where the coating is to be applied over wood, first nail down rosin sized 
sheathing paper to present a continuous surface to receive the Waterproofing. 


58 


0— 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


ee 


Specifications—Continued 


13. Concrete Base: 

Where the coating is to be applied over concrete, this concrete must be 
cleaned and thoroughly dried before application of GF No. 15. 
14. Grading: 

The surface to which the GF No. 15 is to be applied, whether of concrete 
or wood, must be properly graded to all outlets without any depressions. 
15. Application: 


: Trowel GF No. 15 Trowel Coating over the surface to a thickness of % 
inch, bringing it to a smooth and even surface. Upon this coating lay a bed 
of cement mortar 1 inch in thickness waterproofed with GF No. 10 Integral 
Waterproofing Paste into which the tile are to be bedded, care being taken to 
bring the tile up to a true and even surface. Joints between the tiles are to 
be % inch in width and filled with Portland Cement Grout waterproofed with 
GF No. 10 Integral Waterproofing Paste. 


16. Expansion Joints: 


Where expansion joints are required, they should be left not less than 1 
inch in width and pointed with GF No. 250 Mastic Cement of the same color as 
the tile being used. 


GF No. 220 Stainproof Stone Backing 


Wherever limestone, marble and other light colored and expen- 
sive building stones are used it becomes necessary, from the stand- 
point of economy and beauty, to protect them against unsightly 
stains, which often appear. These stains are caused by the absorp- 
tion of salts and other coloring matter from the backing walls and 
will invariably work through to the surface unless the stones 
themselves are carefully stainproofed. 


That architects realize the danger from this source is evi- 
denced by the fact that they almost invariably specify a non-stain- 
ing cement for the setting of such stones. These are good as far as 
they go, but it has been demonstrated time and again that to pro- 
tect stone from stains from the cement mortar used in laying the 
backing, some means must be used not only to repel dampness 
but acids and alkalies as well. 

GF No. 220 Stainproof Stone Backing seals the pores of the 
stone tightly, which is the only sure method of making them abso- 
lutely water and stain proof. 

GF No. 220 Stainproofing is also used as an extra precaution in 
conjunction with non-staining cement or lime, because its strong 
moisture-repelling qualities overcome the staining tendency of 
unevenly applied cement. 

It does not contain penetrating oils of any kind—in fact, GF 
No. 220 simply lays on the surface of the stone, forming a strong 
film which thoroughly seals all the surface pores. 


Covering Capacity 


HInsts Coat, 7. tem eeecn le meee ie coe carnal 75 to 100 sq. ft. per gallon 
Secondscoat! 2. Aen tae ences oe reas 125 to 150 sq. ft. per gallon 
WWOECOAtS Sar tans sieer eee id hon eetel 50 to 65 sq. ft. per gallon 


ee 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | 


3) Lo} 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 220 Stainproof Stone Backing 


1. Material: 

GF No. 220 Stainproof Stone Backing as manufactured by The General 
Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from the 
manufacturers or their authorized Agents, and is to be delivered on the build- 
ing site in original packages. This material must be applied without addition 
or adulteration. 

2. Preparing Surfaces: 


The surfaces of the stone to be coated are to be cleaned and dried thor- 
oughly before receiving the coating. 


Limestone, Marble, Sandstone, Etc., to be Protected 
Against Stains 
3. Application: 

All unexposed faces of the stone to be thoroughly covered to within 1 inch 
of the edge of the face with two coats of GF No. 220 Stainproof Stone Backing, 
24 hours to elapse between coats. 

The coating thus applied must become completely dry before the stones 
are handled. 

4. Coating Stone After Erection: 


After the stones have been set in place, and before the backing has been 
carried up, the entire surface, including joints, should be given a thorough 
covering coat of GF No. 220, great care being taken to see that all joints are 
thoroughly coated. 


GF No. 200 Dampproofing Coating 


Dampproofing Coatings are applied to walls which are later 
plaster finished, for two reasons. First—to maintain sanitary 
quarters which are not possible when dampness gets through into 
the atmosphere of the room or is constantly present in the walls. 
Second—to prevent streaking and discoloration due to moisture 
seeping through along the line of the furring. 

The application of this dampproofing material directly upon the 
surface to be plastered makes necessary a compound with a strong 
“tack” to aid in bonding the plaster. And the dampproofing to be 
effective must expand and contract with the wall itself without 
cracking. Further than that, permanent dampproofing qualities 
are necessary, for a job once finished cannot be repaired or renewed 
without great cost. 

GF No. 200 is a viscous black coating which is applied with a 
brush—not to the permanently exposed surfaces, but as a furring 
coating between the wall and the finished surface. It has the 
tough, elastic characteristics of any strong bituminous base, which 
adapts it to expansion and contraction without injury and keeps it 
from drying out and becoming brittle. 

The strong “tack” of GF No. 200 when set is retained for a 
period of 30 days so that it may be plastered upon any time from a 
day to a month after application with equally good results. 
Where the coating is used for dampproofing exterior walls it is best 
to apply the first scratch coat of cement mortar in from one to 
four days. 


55 


== == == 5 = 8 


[THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


3300 SS 9 


As an insulator to maintain uniform temperature and dry air 
in a building GF No. 200 Dampproofing Coating is applied to the 
rough wall before the furring is put up. This keeps the air space 
formed by furring dry at all times, affording the best possible insu- 
lator against the passage of heat, cold and dampness. 


Applied for protecting either exterior or interior wall finish 
GF No. 200 prevents efflorescence and staining by effectively bar- 
ring the moisture which combines with salts and alkali in mortar to 


PHYSICIANS’ AND SURGEONS’ BUILDING, St. Joseph, Mo.—GF No. 200 Used for Damp- 
proofing. Architect, Walter Boschen, St. Joseph. 


cause these forms of discoloration, and where wood trim is erected 
over green masonry or walls which may become damp occasion- 
ally. A coating of GF Dampproofing on the back of the trim will 
prevent warping, cracking and staining. 


In all of the uses named above GF No. 200 forms an easily 
applied and absolutely permanent waterproof film. The average 
covering capacity of GF No. 200 as listed varies with the smooth- 
ness of the surface being covered. 


CIT Gs COAL, Aare eels cree eae aN coe toes ie TRE 75 sq. ft. per gallon 
Second! COaty 5 Geren sc en tori ci ertaces ore eteare 100 sq. ft. per gallon 
Third @coctic a cscas eee earth eee tone 45 sq. ft. per gallon 


oe == 3 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


joj — =} 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 200 Dampproofing Coating 


1. Material: 


GF No. 200 Dampproofing Coating as manufactured by The General Fire- 
proofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from the man- 
ufacturers or their authorized Agents, and is to be delivered on the building 
site in original packages. It must be used without the addition of any thir- 
ning agents or any adulteration. 


2. Caution: 


_ Great care must be taken in the application of this coating to see that no 
pin-holes remain and that a thorough covering coat is obtained. 


3. Pointing: 


All large holes must be pointed up to provide a surface to receive the 
Dampproofing. 


4. Number of Coats: 


Two thorough covering coats of GF No. 200 are to be applied to (name 
surface), 24 hours being allowed between coats. These coats must be abso- 
lutely continuous and perfect in every respect. 

(Note: While a thorough job of Dampproofing can be successfully done 
with one coat of GF No. 200, the specifications call for two coats because the 
success of the work depends on the surface being absolutely covered. This 
is difficult of accomplishment with one coat because brick masons do not lay a 
wall absolutely devoid of holes, and the man applying the coating cannot 
be depended upon to fill up these holes and crevices with the Dampproofing. 
Where two coats are called for, it is practically certain that the second coat 
will cover any voids that may have been left in the first coat.) 


Inner Face of Brick, Stone or Terra Cotta Walls, Etc. 
General: Sections 1 to 4 are to be carefully followed, and 


5. Application: 


The interior faces of all weather exposed walls (mention whether brick, 
stone or terra cotta) are to be thoroughly coated with 2 coats of GF No. 200 
Dampproofing Coating, allowing 24 hours to elapse between coats. Twenty-four 
hours is to elapse after the second coat is applied before any plaster is applied 
over the coating. The coating is to be carried into all chases and reveals and 
well brushed into all recesses and joints—in a word, the Dampproofing Coating 
must be continuous. 


6. Intersecting Angles: 


The intersecting angles of all brick or terra cotta walls and terra cotta or 
concrete floor slabs coming in contact with weather exposed walls should be 
carefully coated, the coating being carried out from the wall not less than 18 
inches on all such intersecting walls or floor slabs. 

The best material for treating this intersecting angle between the wall and 
floor slab is GF No. 15 Trowel Coating. This material should be applied to 
the floor slab and the side wall 6 inches out and down from the intersecting 
angle at the ceiling. 

7. Plastering: 
Plaster may be applied over surfaces covered with GE No. 200 Damp- 


proofing Coating within an interval of from 1 to 30 days. 
Dampproofing Exterior of Hollow Tile Walls Before 
Applying Cement Plaster 
General: Sections 1 to 4 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 


8. Application: 


After the joints between the porous terra cotta blocks have been thor- 
oughly pointed, apply 2 coats of GF No. 200 Dampproofing Coating over the 


57 


(THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO.. “YOUNGSTOWN, LOHIO | 


Specifications— Continued 


entire surface of the terra cotta blocks, brushing thoroughly into all grooves 
and over all joints. The Coating must be allowed to cure for 24 hours after 
the second coat is applied before any cement plaster is put onto the surface. 

(Note: While GF No. 200 Dampproofing Coating is adaptable to porous 
terra cotta blocks, it should never be used on vitrified blocks. The most 
effective treatment in the latter case would be to incorporate GF No. 10 
Integral Waterproofing Paste throughout the stucco with which the blocks 
are covered, or GF No. 10 Paste should be incorporated in the mortar with 
which the blocks are laid, or a waterproof surface coating may be used outside 
the stucco. For this purpose we would recommend the application of either 
GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing or GF No. 101 Brick and Cement and 
Cement Coating in colors.) 


Terra Cotta Ceilings and Partition Walls to be 
Stainproofed and Dampproofed 

General: Sections 1, 2 and 4 are to be carefully followed, and 
9. Raking Joints: 

All joints are to be raked out to a depth of 4% inch or % inch before any 
coating is applied. 
10. Chipping: 

If the surface of tile is smooth (vitrified or salt glazed) roughen the sur- 
face by hacking with a chipping hammer. 
11. Application: 

Apply two thorough covering coats of GF No. 200, allowing 24 hours to 
elapse between coats. After the second coating of Dampproofing has set for 
24 hours the scratch coat of plaster may be applied. 


RESIDENCES IN THE GIRARD ESTATE, Philadelphia, Pa.—GF No. 100 Colorless Water- 
proofing on the Stucco Exterior. GF No. 10 Integral Water- 
proofing Paste in Foundation Mortar. 


58 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


occa 


Specifications— Continued 


Trim in Contact with Plastered Surfaces, or Masonry 
to be Dampproofed on the Back 


General: Sections 1 and 2 are to be carefully followed, and 
12. Application: 


The back of all trim shall receive a heavy coat of GF No. 200 Damp- 
proofing before it is erected. This coating may be applied either at the plant 
where the trim is manufactured or on the job immediately before it is erected. 


GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing 


(For Exteriors) 


The use of stucco, stone and brick exterior walls on which it is 
necessary to retain the original color and texture creates the need 
for a transparent Waterproofing which can be easily brushed onto 
the surface. A similar coating is used also on parapets, over cop- 
ings, etc., where it is impractical to carry a Waterproofing course 
which changes the appearance of the surface. 

And where swimming pools and tanks are of a light color, a 
colorless waterproof protection is required to keep the surfaces 
from stain and discoloration, in addition to the waterproofing 
method used as a protection against both water and water pressure. 

Good results are obtained only when the compound used is 
absolutely colorless and remains so; when it can be easily applied 
without showing a streak where the coat stops, and when the coat- 
ing is hard enough to prevent dirt or dust from sticking to it causing 
streaks and spots. 

GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing is a thin liquid which is 
simply brushed onto the surface to be protected. It immediately 
fills the surface pores, forming a hard, durable coating that sheds 
water effectively and will not collect dirt or dust as coatings do 
which contain wax and paraffin. 

With GF No. 100 the wall or other surface retains all of its 
original color and texture and when the Waterproofing is carried 
part way down a wall no water line is left where the coating ends. 
This permits the lapping of the colorless Waterproofing below the 
line where the inner wall Dampproofing ends and gives the best 
possible form of protection. 

The use of GF No. 100 on exterior walls of stucco or cement 
block fills the pores so completely that the soaked appearance after 
rain storms is overcome and there is no danger of frost cracks. It 
also prevents efflorescence and helps to check it when once started. 
This condition, however, is so serious on old buildings that exact 
conditions should be sent to the manufacturers of GF Waterproof- 
ing products and they will recommend the proper method of treat- 
ment in detail. 

The covering capacity of GF No. 100 varies inversely with the 
porosity of the surface to which it is applied, but is approximately 
as follows: 


59 


Covering Capacity 


HMirsticoat pumice cis eters stron 100 to 150 square feet per gallon 
Second Aconty: eee eens 200 to 250 square feet per gallon 
TWO COAtS ers 0 ie Saree Rocce RICO cae 80 to 100 square feet per gallon 


(Note: Where the surface covered need not retain its original color, a 
cement wash applied prior to the waterproof coating will increase the capacity 
per gallon. This serves to diminish the number of pores, cracks, and holes too 
small to be cared for by the “pointing up” process.) 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing 


General: 
1. Material: 


GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing as manufactured by The General 
Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from the 
manufacturers or their authorized Agents and is to be delivered on the build- 
ing site in original and sealed packages. It must be applied as received with- 
out addition or adulteration of any kind. 


2. Application: 


The best results from the application of GF No. 100 are to be obtained 
when the temperature is above 70 degrees F. It must not be applied when 
the temperature of the wall is below 60 degrees Fahrenheit. 


3. Pointing: 
Before any coating is applied all holes, joints, etc., should be pointed up 


with cement mortar so as to present an even and perfect surface of masonry 
over which to apply the coating. 


4. Cleaning: 


The surface should be carefully wire brushed to remove all loose particles 
of mortar and any other foreign matter including dust. 


5. Method of Coating: 


In no case shall less than two coats of GF No. 100 be applied, and where 
the surface is very porous, apply as many additional coats as may be required 
to completely saturate the surface. Use a short handled, stiff bristle brush 
and apply the material with a force sufficient to drive it well into the surface. 
The more vigorous the use of the brush the better will be the results obtained 
from the coating. 


Treatment of Extremely Porous Surface where Original 
Color Need not be Retained 


General: Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 are to be carefully followed, and 


6. Preparation of Surface: 


The wall shall be drenched with clear water and, while still wet, a thin 
cream made from Portland Cement and water is to be thoroughly brushed 
over this surface. As this coating is for the purpose of filling up the small 
cracks and holes too small to be pointed, great care must be taken that the 
cement cream is thoroughly brushed into all these small cracks and holes. 


After this cement wash has thoroughly hardened and is absolutely dry, 
brush off such of it as refuses to adhere strongly to the wall. Then proceed 
with the application of the Colorless Waterproofing. Section 5. 


(Note: The fact that the GF No. 100 is designed as a small pore filler 
and transparent coating explains why the application of a cement wash is 
advisable, when the surface is very open and porous, for the material itself 
has not enough body to really fill a hole or a crack as large as would admit 
a knife blade.) ' 


60 


[ WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


rng (| SS 


oe soa 


Specifications—Continued 
Leaky Rough Brick or Concrete Walls to be Waterproofed 


General: Sections 1 to 4 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 
7. Application: 


After the general conditions have been fulfilled, two thorough saturating 
coats of GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing (or as many more as may be 
necessary to thoroughly fill the surface) are to be applied to (mention the 
surfaces). Twenty-four hours is to be allowed to elapse between coats. 


Checking Efflorescence on Walls 
General: Sections 1 to 3 and 5 to be carefully followed, and 


8. Preparation of Surface: 


Brush off, without the use of water, all powdery excrescence, salts, etc., 
from the face of the wall. When convinced that the wall and the pointing 
put in joints and crevices is thoroughly dry, apply a sufficient number of coats 
of GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing to completely close the pores of all 
weather exposed surfaces. 

As another insurance against this trouble appearing it is absolutely nec- 
essary to caulk around doors and windows with GF No. 250 Mastic Cement in 
accordance with specifications given on page 66. 


Coping 


Parapet Walls and Coping 
to be Waterproofed 


GFAeIoo—e 
9. Application: 


After the general conditions 
have been fulfilled apply to 
both sides of parapet walls 
not less than two coats of GF 
No. 100 Colorless Waterproof- 
ing carrying this coating from 
the cap flashing up the back 


G FN2/00Co/orless—~ 
Waterproofing 


GFL5O 
Woterproofing, 


tfo 12" 


From top of. 
pe 
below Rook-line 


%e Cement 


Para 


Flaster Concrete of the parapet over the cop- 
GF N2 200 ing stone and down the exter- 

Dampprooting ior side of the parapet wall to 

ating, at least 6 inches below where 


Plaster the Dampproofing or Furring 
on the interior face of the wall 


ceases, 


Sa 
Method of Waterproofing Parapet Walls. Showing 
also the use of GF No. 200 for Dampproofing 
and GF No. 250 for Roof Waterproofing 


Interior Surfaces of Concrete or Brick Containers 
to be Waterproofed 


General: Sections 1 to 4 inclusive are to be carefully followed, and 
10. Application: : 


After the pointing is thoroughly dry, apply to the interior surface of the 
container to be waterproofed, two coats of cement wash of cement and water, 
made in the consistency of a thin cream. After this has cured, brush off all 
material that does not adhere strongly to the wall or floor, and apply not less 
than two coats of GF No. 100 Colorless Waterproofing, allowing the usual 
time of 24 hours to intervene between coatings. 

(Note: This materia] should be allowed to set as long as possible before 
it is subjected to pressure of liquids on the inside of the tank, as it takes sev- 
eral days for it to reach its maximum strength.) 


61 


(THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


(o] elo) 


Typical Residence, Girard Estate, Philadelphia, Pa. GF No. 10 used in founda‘ion 
walls and GF No. 100 on outside walls 


GF No. 101 Brick and Cement Coating 


The widespread development of stucco and cement exteriors 
for buildings of every character has created a demand for a coating 
which can be successfully used over such surfaces, not only to 
waterproof the walls, but to preserve their texture and equalize 
the uneven appearance due to variation in material and application; 
in many cases to add also a color or tint for artistic effect. 


The use of ordinary paint with linseed oil cannot be made sat- 
isfactory over masonry surfaces. The oils will combine immedi- 
ately with the alkalies in the cement, forming a saponified com- 
pound, which is soluble in water, and continued rainstorms will 
eventually destroy this coating. 


Efforts have been made to overcome these troubles by the use 
of various chemicals intended to change alkali into an inert material. 
But the varying density of each wall meant that a different solu- 
tion was necessary for different parts of the surface. Where the 
solution was not exactly sufficient to neutralize the alkaline action, 
it weakened the bond of the cement, and chipping and scaling of 
the paint film and cement was the result. 


Other experiments have been made with solutions of various 
acid salts such as zinc alum, etc., but they also weakened the bond- 
ing power of the cement, and at the same time introduced moisture 


62 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


oe so 


under the surface which must be allowed to thoroughly evaporate 
before any coating can be applied. 

After careful consideration of these objections, GF No. 101 
Brick and Cement Coating has been scientifically compounded. 
The pigments and vehicle are not affected in any way by the con- 
stituents of cement—they have, on the other hand, a decided affin- 
ity for them. This coating is both waterproof and decorative; can 
be applied to brick, tile and stone as well as cement, and penetrates 
the pores to an extent that it becomes an integral part of the sur- 
face without in any way destroying its texture. It overcomes any 
lack of uniformity in surface shading, and gives either a soft, flat’. 
finish or a glossy surface of the desired shade. 

GF No. 101 Coating will adhere tenaciously, and sets hard 
enough to resist the action of the elements. Yet it retains the elas- 
ticity necessary to conform to expansion or contraction stresses in 
the wall itself. 

Furnished from stock, either flat or gloss finish, as follows: 


White Portland Gray 

Old Ivory Concrete Gray 

Buff Tile Red 

Bedford Gray Brownstone 

Covering Capacity 

ST St COAT emma ee vant pe at eer gt ny sen ae 125 to 150 sq. ft. per gallon 
EC CONGINCOA Ger eaee rare oie e teaeap eee ete ee 200 to 250 sq. ft. per gallon 
ST WORCOAUSH ys ia Maras 6 ee Pe Ares 85 to 100 sq. ft. per gallon 


NEW POST OFFICE BUILDING, Idaho Falls, Idaho.—GF No. 101 Used for Coating Vaults. 
Contractor, Sound Construction & Engineering Co., Inc., Idaho Falls. 


63 


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Preparation of GF No. 101 for Application 


5 First: Cut out the entire top of the can and pour off the vehicle on top 
into another container to allow for stirring and mixing of the contents. The 
coating shall be stirred with a stiff paddle gradually returning the liquid 
poured off until the pigment is evenly and uniformly mixed with the liquid and 
the contents of the package of an even consistency. 

Second: It is advisable to add a small proportion of turpentine in the first 
coat as an aid to penetration. No thinner shall be used for the second or any 
succeeding coat. 


Third: If the coating becomes too heavy because of evaporation of the 
liquid, from continued exposure to the air, it shall be thinned to the original 
consistency with a small amount of pure spirits of turpentine. 

Special care shall be taken to cover the package when not in use to avoid, 
as far as possible, evaporation and eliminate the necessity of thinning. 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 101 Brick and Cement Coating 


Exterior Concrete, Brick or Other Masonry Surfaces to be 
Dampproofed with Coating which Imparts a Color Finish 


General: 
1. Material: 


GF No. 101 Brick and Cement Coating as manufactured by The General 
Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio. must be purchased from the manu- 
facturers direct or from their authorized Agents. The material must be deliv- 
ered on the site in original packages and applied according to the manufac- 
turer’s directions. 


2. Stirring: 
The GF No. 101 must be thoroughly stirred before using and during the 
application often enough to keep the pigments in suspension. Neglect of this 


precaution will result in an uneven coating which will greatly injure the 
appearance of the finished work. 


3. Preparation of Surface: 


The surface to receive this coating must be clean, dry and any particles of 
foreign matter must be removed by wire brushing or scraping before the coat- 
ing is applied. 

4. Preparation of Previously Painted Surfaces: 

Where it is desired to coat a surface that has been previously painted, this 

surface must be thoroughly wire brushed so as to remove all loose particles of 


material adhering to the surface. Then two coats of GF No. 101 may be 
applied in the manner specified below. 


5. Removing Old Paint: 


Where it is desired to coat a surface that has been previously painted, and 
to remove this paint before the new coating is applied, the best method is to 
use a reliable paint and varnish remover with which to do this work. 


6. Weather Conditions: 


Owing to the nature of the material, weather conditions must be consid- 
ered in treating a surface with GF No. 101. A temperature of from 60 to 80 
degrees is most favorable to its application and the material must not be ap- 
plied when the temperature is below 60 degrees. To get the best results, the 
material should not be applied when there is an excess of humidity in the at- 
mosphere. 


7. Application: 


After the surfaces have been prepared, two coats of GF No. 101 of the de- 
sired color are to be applied in accordance with the conditions specified above. 


64 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | 


Specifications—Continued 


This material is to be put on with a short, stiff bristle paint brush, great care 
being taken that it is thoroughly brushed into the surface to insure the great- 
est possible penetration. 

Two coats of GF No. 101 are necessary to an even colored job. The second 
coat is to be applied 24 to 48 hours after the application of the first coat and 
there is to be an interval of 24 to 48 hours between succeeding coats. 


Tanks or Other Containers to be Waterproofed 


General: Sections 1 to 7 are to be carefully followed, and 
8. Curing: 

The greatest possible amount of ventilation must be provided to cure the 
coating. The tank should not be filled with water or the GF No. 101 Coating 
subjected to any traffic or abuse for at least 3 days from the time of coating 
if the weather is reasonably dry and clear. In case of damp, muggy weather, 


a longer time should be allowed before any water is allowed to enter the con- 
tainer. 


GF No. 250 Mastic Cement 


There are a great many uses for waterproof cement such as 
pointing between copings or flashings and walls, for joints between 
vault lights, imbedding hip rolls and ridgings, pointing up valleys 
where close fits are not possible, and around leaky chimneys—in 
fact, wherever joints or cracks in masonry must be protected 
against water penetration. 

The same material can also be used in combination with oak- 
um for waterproofing joints around door casings, window frames, 
skylights and dormers; and as a plastic coating easily applied, for 
concrete roof covering to save the expense of a built-up composition 
roofing. 

In any case the cement should be pliable upon application and 
should set into a strong, watertight joint or coating, but one which 
will expand or contract readily with the material to which it is ap- 
plied. 

GF No. 250 is a plastic waterproof cement which can be easily 
troweled onto a horizontal or vertical surface and adheres to it per- 
manently, hardening into a firm, durable coating. It is so consti- 
tuted that there is no danger of cracking even in zero weather nor 
of running under severe heat. As asbestos fiber is used as a binder 
in GF No. 250, it is particularly valuable as a filler for joints and as 
a covering for concrete roofs. The hair and knife cracks in concrete 
roof slabs are kept watertight by a coating of GF Mastic Cement. 

It is applied with a trowel or with a 3” scraper. If a trowel is 
used, the material is smoothed down with the end of a flat plaster- 
er’s trowel. It can be used over shingles, tin, canvas, ready roofing 
slate, tile or concrete, and adheres readily to all. 

Because GF No. 250 never sets hard, it may catch enough dirt 
and dust to form a film over the surface. Where for appearance 
sake, this is undesirable, slag pebbles, crushed brick, marble, gran- 
ite or colored sand may be rolled into the finished surface to give 
an artistic treatment. 


65 


(THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


ose 


It is furnished in black, brown, red, gray, green and buff. On 
4 eae smooth surface a gallon will cover approximately as 
ollows: 


AKG ewin ciielic Ss Ree eectot ais Ieeciaia macro clos Ora eTe 26 sq. ft. per gallon 
DA ath Cems, ek steec Rien ee RE Toe 38 sq. ft. per gallon 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 250 Mastic Cement 


1. Material: 


GF No. 250 Mastic Cement as manufactured by The General Fireproofing 
Company, Youngstown, Ohio, must be purchased direct from the manufac- 
turers or their authorized Agents. This material must be delivered on the 
building site in original packages. It must be applied according to the manu- 
facturer’s directions, without addition or adulteration. 


Waterproofing Brick, Concrete or Stucco Walls 


2. Preparation of Surface: 


The surface of the concrete, stucco or brick is to be thoroughly wire 
brushed so as to remove all loose particles, scale, mortar, etc., and leave the 
surface in a firm and solid condition. All large holes or cracks are to be 
pointed with cement mortar before any coating is applied. 


3. Application: 


A thorough coating of GF Mastic Cement is to be troweled over the entire 
surface, great care being taken to see that the backs of any parapet walls are 
carefully covered. Great care must be taken that the coating is thoroughly 
troweled in around all window frames to insure a tight joint around all lintels 
and sills. The coating thus applied should not be less than 1-16 inch thick 
at any point. 


Waterproofing the Backs of Parapet Walls 


General: Sections 1 and 2 are to be carefully followed, and 
4. Application: 


A thorough coating of GF Mastic Cement is to be troweled over the back 
of parapet walls, great care being taken to see that the joint between cap 
flashing and the first course of brick above is very carefully filled up. Where 
there is a concrete parapet, this Mastic Cement should be brought down well 
under the copper flashing so as to thoroughly fill this joint. 

This coating should be carried up through and under the coping, whether 
it be of tile, limestone or concrete. 


Setting Cap Flashing 


General: Section 1 to be carefully followed, and 
5. Application: 

Before the cap flashing is set into the brickwork, a coating of GF No. 250 
Mastic Cement should be troweled over the entire surface of the brick. After 
the cap flashing is' set, another covering coat should be troweled over the top 
of the flashing so as to give a thoroughly filled joint before the cement mortar 
is applied for setting the upper course of brick. 


Pointing up Around Window Frames 


General: Section 1 is to be carefully followed, and 


6. Application: 


Remove the hanging stile from the outside frame of window casing and 
caulk plumbers’ oakum into the opening, filling the space to within %4 inch of 


66 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


oe30 


Specifications—Continued 


the surface. After the joint has been practically filled with oakum in this 
manner, GF No. 250: should be troweled in so as to fill the joint flush with the 
surface. Care is to be taken to see that this material is forced into the open- 
ing so as to thoroughly fill it and leave no cracks or openings at either side. 
Considerable pressure is to be used so as to insure a bond of the material to 
the wood on the one side and cement, tile or brick on the other. 


Waterproofing Concrete Roofs 


General: Sections 1, 2 and 3 are to be carefully followed, and 
7. Application: 

A thorough coating of GF No. 250 Mastic Cement is to be troweled over 
the entire surface of the roof not less than 1-16 inch thick. Great care is to 
be taken to see that this coating is brought well up under the flashing and 
also over it in order to insure a tight joint at this point. 

8. Gravel or Slag Coating: 

Either regular roofing slag or small roofing gravel may be rolled into the 
surface of this coating for protection and texture effect. Not less than 200 
pounds of slag or 250 pounds of gravel per 100 square feet is to be used. The 
gravel or slag, whichever is used, must be perfectly dry. If necessary, heat 
it to obtain this result. 


MICHIGAN CENTRAL R. R. STATION, Detroit, Mich—GF No. 145 Used. Architects, 
Warren & Wetmore, Reed & Stem Ass’n, New York City. Contractors, 
Geo. A. Fuller Co., New York City. 


67 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


12} 


GF No. 145 Crystalrox 


An altogether dependable method of hardening and dust-proof- 
ing concrete floors does more than cover the surface with a tough- 
skin coat—it combines chemically with the cement, making the top 
layer of the floor hard, impervious and wear-resisting. The hard- 
ener should be effective on both new and old floors, and should render 
them non-dusting and proof against water, acids, alkalies, oils, ete. 

Such a material is GF No. 145 Crystalrox, a liquid chemical 
floor hardener applicable at small expense to new or used concrete 
floors, and totally effective in both cases. Crystalrox increases the 
wear resistance of concrete floors from 30 to 50 per cent, renders 
them proof against oils, alkalies and dilute acids, and acid gases. 
All this is accomplished without changing the appearance of the 
floor. The cement is chemically united into a crystal-hard, fine- 
textured floor. 

By the use of Crystalrox the sand and cement are more firmly 
bonded together and the aggregate, in turn, is held in a tighter and 
more lasting bond. While even this surface will wear under 
severe and long continued traffic, it is a simple matter to again 
apply Crystalrox after a few years and bring the floor back to the 
same good condition as when first hardened. 

Crystalrox is also used on marble and limestone exteriors to 
prevent the stains and discolorations which sometimes appear on 
these surfaces due to the salts and alkalies in the backing wall 
mortar. GF No. 145 forms a hard film which is impervious to 
water and acid gases and strongly resists abrasion. 

Crystalrox is a thin colorless liquid. A gallon covers 175 to 
200 square feet with three coats, keeping the cost for floor harden- 
ing or for coating exterior walls lower than other methods which 
will give equally good results. 


Specifications for Applying GF No. 145 Crystalrox 


General: 


1. Material: 

GF No. 145 Crystalrox Concentrated Liquid is to be purchased direct 
from the manufacturers, The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, 
Ohio, or their authorized Agents. The material is to be brought to the build- 
ing site in original packages, and applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s 
directions. 

2. Preparation of Surface: 

All surfaces to be treated are to be clean and free from dust or any 
other foreign matter. 

3. Preparation of Material: 

GF No. 145 is a concentrated solution which should be diluted before 
using. For all ordinary purposes it is to be applied as follows: 

First coat: One part GF No. 145 to two parts water. 

Second coat: One part GF No. 145 to one part water. 

Third coat: Two parts GF No. 145 to one part water. 

(Note: If the floor is very porous or dusting very badly, the last coat 
should not be diluted with water.) 


68 


ST=ss =] 


(off aa Jo} 


TT 10 ae =a 


Specifications— Continued 


4. Application: 


GF No. 145 may be applied with a brush, sponge, or mop. The mop is the 
best to use as it spreads the material more evenly, and with less labor for 
the workman. 

GF No. 145 must be applied in three coats of the proportions specified 
above, allowing about 12 hours to elapse between the first two coats, and 24 
hours between the second and third coats. 


5. Caution: 


Solutions of GF Crystalrox should be kept in earthenware, fibre pails 
or the earthenware or wooden kegs the material comes in. GF No. 145 hasa 
strong corrosive tendency in contact with metal. 


Don’t let the material touch the eyes or open cuts, and see that open 
packages are placed so that no one will be tempted to drink from them. 


To prevent evaporation, have the container tightly covered when not in 
use. 


6. Old Floors: 


Where floors are old, all the dirt, grit, loose sand, oil, grease, paint, etc., 
must be scrubbed off. Unless the surface is thoroughly clean, the hardener 
will not penetrate as it should to get the most satisfactory results. 


Stainproofing Limestone 


General: Sections 1, 3, 4 and 5 are to be carefully followed, and 


7. Application: 


The surface of the stone should be clean of all stains and foreign matter, 
and be perfectly dry before application is commenced. GF No. 145 should 
be applied in three coats of the proportions above specified, with a sponge, 
care being taken to get a thorough saturation. 

Any excess material that is not absorbed at the end of five minutes should 


be wiped off, as this material has not come in contact with the lime, and 
will be of no use as a protection to the stone. 


MORLEY SCHOOL, Detroit, Mich.—Floors_ Dustproofed with GF No. 145. Architects, 
Malecomson & Higginbotham, Detroit. Contractors, A. J. Smith Construction Co. 


69 


.—_- SEE 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


ES SO =o] —— 


[of seo} 


WESTERN RESERVE BANK, Warren, Ohio.—Waterproofed with GF No. 10, Steel Coated 
with GF No. 325, Floors Dustproofed with GF No. 140. Architect, Chas. F. Owsley, 
Youngstown. Contractors, The Geo. A. Fuller Co., Cleveland, O. 


70 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS } 


GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener 


Concrete floors or walks, no matter how carefully laid, will 
almost invariably dust up heavily when subjected to wear unless 
some special precaution is taken. This not only results in rapid de- 
terioration of the floor or sidewalk, but causes a great deal of dam- 
age from the dust which rises into the atmosphere. 

Such dust works its way into the most carefully guarded bear- 
ings of machinery, causing great damage, and has recently been 
found to be particularly harmful to textiles of all kinds. 

The most permanent method of preventing this:condition, and 
the most economical, is to incorporate a hardening element into the 
surface of the finished floor, using GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener. 
This is a finely graded mineral powder combined with an oxidizing 
agent which when brought in contact with the wet surface of the 
concrete floor, bonds thoroughly with the lime and silica to form 
a dense, hard coating. 

The use of GF No. 140 does not in any way alter the method 
of laying the floor, for it is simply dusted on evenly after the con- 
crete and cement have been laid. The result is a firm, wear-resist- 
ing and dust-proof floor. 

Put up in 100-pound paper lined cloth sacks. 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener 


1. Material: % 

GF No. 140 Concrete Hardener is to be that manufactured by The Gen- 
eral Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, and is to be purchased direct 
from them or their authorized Agents. The Hardener must be delivered 
at the building site in original packages, and must be used absolutely in 
accordance with the manufacturer’s directions, 


2. Cement: 


All cement to be a high grade Portland Cement, meeting satisfactorily 
the requirements of the standard specifications of the American Society for 
Testing Materials, and shall preferably be so ground that (80%) will pass a 
standard (200) mesh sieve. 


3. Sand: 

All sand shall be absolutely free from loam, clay, vegetable or other 
deleterious organic matter, and uniformly graded from coarse to fine in size. 
4. Grit: 

If it is desirable to use grit this material is to be crushed traprock, gran- 
ite, or white quartz grit, that will pass a 3-16-inch screen. 

5. Mixing: 

Mix the cement, sand and grit thoroughly together in the manner usually 
employed when laying an ordinary concrete floor, turning it over at least 
three times dry. Then add sufficient water to temper the mass to the desired 
consistency. 

6. Drying Coat: 

For every 100 square feet of surface, take 15 pounds of GF No. 140 and 

15 pounds of Portland Cement and mix same thoroughly together dry. 


(Note: Where floors are to be subjected to excessively hard wear, write 
The General Fireproofing Company conditions to which the floors are to be 
subjected, and they will send you a_ special specification for the particular 


71 


Specifications— Continued 


type of floor. The proportion given is for floors which are to withstand 
ordinary wearing conditions.’ 
7. Method of Laying: 


Spread the top finish to the desired thickness (% inch or 1 inch) ruling it 
off with a straight edge to a smooth and even surface. Work this top finish 
very thoroughly with a float to remove all bubbles. As soon as the water 
rises to the surface, spread the mixture of cement and GF No. 140 Concrete 
Hardener, all ready prepared, as a drying coat over the entire space, using a 
fine screen (or sieve) and taking great care to leave no bare spots. 

8. Finishing: 

When the floor is ready for finishing, work the surface thoroughly with a 
wooden float. Tamp the surface down well with the float and rub the floor 
hardener mixture into it thoroughly. Then finish in the usual manner with 
a steel trowel. 

9. Curing: 


Twenty-four hours after the floor is finished, it should be wet down and 
kept wet for a period of six days, either by flushing with water two or three 
times a day, or the surface may be covered by a layer of sawdust, paper or 
sand and kept wet. The floor should then only be used for light traffic for 
a period of 30 days, or until the skin coat of cement, brought to the surface by 
the action of troweling, is worn away. 


GF No. 400 Bonding Compound 


The problem of bonding new concrete to old occurs both in 
repairing or adding to old concrete, and on new construction where 
each day’s work must be joined to the next. In applying water- 
proof cement mortar, also, perfect adhesion is indispensable to 
effective work and depends upon the solidity of bond. 

The old surface is prepared for bonding by such mechanical 
means as scouring, hacking and wire-brushing, but these methods 
are insufficient alone for they do not always expose the aggregate. 
The real obstacle to a perfect joint, in any case, is a thin, glassy 
cement film which forms on the surface of concrete and sets with 
particles of dust and dirt firmly imbedded in it. To secure a 
dependable bond this hard film and all foreign substances must be 
removed from the old surface so that the aggregates are exposed 
for active union with the new concrete. 

GF No. 400 is put up in the form of a powerful acid powder to 
be dissolved in water and applied to the surface of the concrete. 
It effervesces immediately, removing this film and all foreign mate- 
rial and exposing the aggregate of the concrete ready for joining 
with the new material. 

In preparing GF No. 400 every precaution has been taken to 
prevent injuring the strength or durability of the concrete to which 
it is applied. In fact tests show that concrete bonded together in 
this way and tested to destruction, breaks more quickly at any other 
point than at the point of joining. 

GF No. 400 is put up in five-pound jars and packed 12 jars to 
the case. Two pounds dissolved in one gallon of water will treat 
from 100 to 150 square feet of concrete, varying according to the 
porosity of the surface. 


72 


Specifications for Use of 
GF No. 400 Bonding Compound 


1. Material: 

The Bonding Compound used for all work shall be GF No. 400, manufac- 
tured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, and shall be 
purchased direct from them or their authorized Agents. It shall be brought 
to the building site in original packages and applied according to the manu- 
facturer’s directions. 

2. Preparing Surfaces: 

Surfaces to be treated with the Bonding Compound shall first be roughened 
thoroughly with a mason’s chipping hammer, then cleaned with a wire brush 
to remove all loose particles. 

3. Mixing Material: 

In each gallon of water to be used in washing the surface, dissolve 2 
pounds of GF No. 400 Bonding Compound. After this has been stirred well, 
and gone thoroughly into solution, it may be used. 

4. Application: 


Apply a liberal coat of GF No. 400 in solution to the rough surface, using 
either a broom or an acid brush. Permit this to remain until all effervescence 
and chemical action have ceased. 

If the first application does not completely clean the surface and ex- 
pose all aggregates, apply a second coating in the same manner. 

5. Washing: 

Directly after GF No. 400 has exhausted itself (after chemical action has 
stopped) wash down the surface by several applications of clear clean water, 
and if the surface is thoroughly saturated by this means to a point where it 
will absorb no more water, apply a thin cream of cement and water. Before 
this cream of cement and water sets, and becomes hard, join on the new con- 
crete. 

(Note: If a hose is available for washing down the wall, this affords the 
best means of cleaning it readily, and also saturating it thoroughly.) 


GF No. 99 Acidproofing 


A great many uses and conditions nowadays demand the appli- 
cation of acidproof coatings. Tanks, containers and vats have to 
be protected against acids and alkali solution; the concrete or ce- 
ment floors of dairies must be protected from the disintegrating 
effect of lactic acid; walls and steel work in industrial plants re- 
quire a protective coating against acid gases in the atmosphere. 
And in surgical wards, in fact on any hospital walls, an acidproofing 
coat is necessary. 

The problem is to get a coating strong enough to neutralize 
these outside influences and, at the same time so neutral in itself 
that it will not destroy the surface to which it is applied. In 
many cases the acidproofing compound combines with the floor or 
wall to destroy its own effectiveness. 

GF No. 99 Acidproofing is a colorless coating, which when 
applied to a cement, plaster or wood surface, closes it completely 
against the action of dilute acids or alkali solutions or gases. It is 
chemically neutral, forming a durable film on the surface to which 
it adheres, but does not react with it in any way. GF Acidproofing 
can be applied to either plain or colored walls and floors, rendering 


78 


3 9 ee 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO. 


=—=SSSse oe 


YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


x ie 


ST. ELIZABETH’S HOSPITAL, Youngstown, Ohio.—Architect, Chas. F. Owsley, Youngs- 


town, Ohio. Contractor, Heller Bros., Youngstown, Ohio. Floors throughout 
painted with GF No. 150 Floor Primer and GF No. 151 Floor Coating. 


BRETYON HALL APARTMENTS, Columbus, Ohio.—Stairs and Landings Painted with GF 
No. 150 Floor Primer and GF No. 151 Floor Coating. 
Architect, Carl H. Mounjoy, Columbus, Ohio. 


74 


oe ———— TO} = 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS | 


= <1) 


the surface impervious to acid and other destructive agencies with- 
out altering its appearance. 


After applying GF No. 99 Acidproofing, it is necessary for the 
tank or surface to cure or dry for 4 days before using. 


Covering Capacity 
HITStA COACH Sam aati a cio cre seen 850 sq. ft. per gallon 
TWO; (COATS te aanisitus es storys Approximately 200 sq. ft. per gallon 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 99 Acidproofing 


1. Material: 


GF No. 99 Acidproofing, as manufactured by The General Fireproofing 
Company, Youngstown, Ohio, is to be purchased direct from the manufactur- 
ers or their authorized Agents, and is to be delivered on the building site in 
the original sealed packages. It must be applied as received, without addi- 
tion or adulteration of any kind, except as directed. 

2. Preparation of Surface: 

Before the GF No. 99 is applied, all surfaces should be carefully pointed 
and wire brushed so as to remove any loose particles and foreign matter. 

If there is any grease or dirt present, the surface should be scrubbed with 
benzine so as to remove this matter and leave the surface in a perfectly clean 
condition. 

3. Application: 

After the surface has been cleaned of all foreign matter and is absolutely 
dry, apply not less than 2 coats of GF No. 99, brushing this material in thor- 
oughly so as to insure the covering of the entire surface and the penetra- 
tion of the material as far as possible. 

The more vigorous the use of the brush, the better will be the results ob- 
tained from this coating. 

4. Treating Floors: 


If the floor surface is very dense and hard, the first coat is to be 50% pure 
spirits of turpentine and 50% GF No. 99; the second coat is to be 25% pure 
spirits of turpentine, 75% GF No. 99; and the third coat, straight GF No. 99. 


(Note: Unless the floor is very dense in surface or texture the spirits of 
turpentine is to be omitted from the second coating.) 
5. Tinted Walls—Protecting 

After (name walls) are coated with GF No. 101, and that coating has 
cured 24 hours, apply a thorough coating of GF No. 99, following sections 
1 and 38 carefully. 
6. Curing: 

In every case, coatings of GF No. 99 Acidproofing must be allowed to 
cure or set at least 4 days before subjected to any test or, in the case of a 
floor, any severe traffic. 


GF No. 150 Floor Primer and GF No. 151 
Floor Coating 


Wherever a cement or concrete floor is to be given a particular 
finishing color, it is necessary to prime the surface thoroughly to 
insure uniform color value throughout. Variations are due to ir- 
regularities in density which can be remedied only by killing the 
suction of the cement with a primer which thoroughly fills all the 
pores. 


75 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


A coat of No. 150 Floor Primer leaves the entire surface of an 
even density by filling the surface pores. This forms the proper 
base for the coloring coat (GF No. 151) or where no particular 
color effect is required, a second coating of GF No. 150 makes a 
umes page floor finish which is waterproof and can be easily 
cleaned. 


GF No. 151 Floor Coating, applied after priming with GF No. 
150, imparts a uniform, dense color to the entire surface. It also 
protects the floor from oil, grease and water and renders it non- 
abrasive and non-dusting even under severe wear. Cleaning and 
scrubbing do not affect the color at all. 


The combination of GF No. 150 and No. 151 is economical from 
the side of material cost, for where a priming coat is applied less 
of the finishing color coating is required. For example: If two 
coats of GF No. 151 are ordinarily necessary for a satisfactory 
job, the substitution of GF No. 150 for the first coat will give 
exactly as good results. 


GF No. 151 is furnished in eight colors. Color chart showing 
the various shades furnished on request. 


Covering Capacity 
First coat (GF No. 150 Floor Primer) ..150 sq. ft. per gallon 
First coat (GF No. 151 Floor Coating) ..300 sq. ft. per gallon 


First coat (GF No. 151 Floor Coating) ..200 sq. ft. per gallon 
Second hCOate rer rccke mia ces cte ctu enn nerten oe ayo) ahs 300 sq. ft. per gallon 


Preparation of GF No. 150 and GF No. 151 
for Application 


First: Cut out the entire top of the can and pour off the vehicle on top 
into another container to allow for stirring and mixing of the contents. The 
coating shall be stirred with a stiff paddle gradually returning the liquid 
poured off until the pigment is evenly and uniformly mixed with the liquid 
and the contents of the package of an even consistency. 


Second: If the coating becomes too heavy because of evaporation of the 
liquid, from continued exposure to the air, it shall be thinned to the original 
consistency with a small amount of pure spirits of turpentine. 

Special care shall be taken to cover the package when not in use to 
avoid, as far as possible, evaporation and eliminate the necessity of thinning. 


Specifications for Applying GF No. 150 
Floor Primer and GF No. 151 Floor Coating 


1. Material: 

The Floor Primer is to be GF No. 150, and the Floor Coating GF No. 151 
as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, of Youngstown, 
Ohio, and is to be purchased direct from them or their authorized Agents. 
The material shall be brought to the building site in original and sealed 
packages and applied without addition or adulteration except as stated in 
The General Fireproofing Company’s specifications. 


76 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


ae 


[ooo 


Specifications— Continued 


2. Preparation of Floors: 


The floors shall be scrubbed clean so as to remove all dust, dirt and loose 
particles. The surface shall be cleaned of all grease or any other foreign 
matter. 


If the floor has been coated with any other paint coating, this shall be 
removed with paint and varnish remover. If necessary, wire brushes shall be 
used to clean the surface of scales, mortar or paint. 


Floors to be coated shall be absolutely dry before any attempt is made 
to apply the paint. 
3. Application: 


The Floor Primer shall be carefully brushed into all surfaces, using a 
stiff bristle brush. In no case shall a gallon of GF No. 150 be allowed to cover 
more than 150 square feet. 


After the Primer has been allowed to cure at least 24 hours, one or more 
coats of GF No. 151 Floor Coating shall be applied as specified, care being 
taken that the coating is thoroughly and evenly brushed out, leaving a uni- 
form continuous color surface. 


At least 24 hours, and if any way possible, 48 hours shall be allowed 
between coats. The floor shall not be walked upon for at least 48 hours 
after the last coat is applied. To insure this, all doors leading to floors coat- 
ed shall be locked so that no one may intrude. 


The floor shall not be subjected to severe traffic for at least a week after 
the final coat has been put on. 


GF No. 499 Wall Size and GF No. 500 
Interior Wall Coating 


In the preparation of Interior Wall Coatings two essentials for 
such materials should govern their manufacture—first, sanitation ; 
second, decorative effect. 

The first consideration—sanitation—is in accord with a wide- 
spread agitation against wall paper and similar coverings, particu- 
larly for public buildings. Consequently the ingredients used in 
GF No. 500 Wall Coating have been selected with particular ref- 
erence to their purity, and their immunity from any element which 
might propagate or foster germ life. As a result, GF No. 500 typ- 
ifies the most wholesome form of wall coating, and one which can 
be readily cleaned with a damp cloth, or washed with soap and 
water without in any way destroying its fine appearance. 

From the decorative standpoint, soft, rich tones are most 
desirable. These effects are obtained by varying the proportions 
of the different materials and they have been carefully worked out 
in GF No. 500 Wall Coating. It can be used with equally good 
results on wood, plaster, cement, stucco or metal, imparting a 
dense, clear color of uniform value throughout. 

Before applying GF No. 500, a sizing or priming coat of GF 
No. 499 Wall Size should be applied. This effectively kills the 


suction of a plaster wall, insuring an even, non-porous base for the 
coloring coat. 


Colors are furnished from stock as follows: White, Light 
Yellow, Light Sage, Old Ivory, Colonial Yellow, Pea Green, Buff, 


TT 


fof ceux [c.) 


French Ochre, French Gray, Light Delft Blue, Dark Delft Blue, 
Scarlet Lake. 


Covering Capacity 


First “coatig. + sii seen ees cecieer metric reieiere 350 sq. ft. per gallon 
Second NCOay hanes ere eek role ee ear tetera 400 sq. ft. per gallon 
TWO COALS Veceseyetroriseenns Approximately 185 sq. ft. per gallon 


Specifications for Applying GF No. 499 Wall 
Size and GF No. 500 Interior Wall Coating 


1. Material: 


GF No. 499 Wall Size and GF No. 500 Interior Wall Coating, as manu- 
factured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngstown, Ohio, must be 
purchased direct from the manufacturers or their authorized Agents. This 
material must be delivered on the building site in the original packages 
and must be applied according to the manufacturer’s directions. 


2. Condition of Wall: 


All walls to be coated shall be permitted sufficient time to become per- 
fectly hard and absolutely dry before the application of any coating. 

All cracks and depressions shall be filled with Plaster of Paris paste, 
which shall be allowed to become perfectly hard and dry. 


3. Preparation of GF No. 500: 


First, pour the excess of thin liquid on top of the pigment into a sep- 
arate can. After thoroughly stirring the heavy material in the bottom of the 
can, return the original vehicle, at the same time stirring constantly so as 
to insure the most perfect mixing of the pigments and vehicle. 

Second: If the material is exposed to the air so long as to become thick 
and heavy due to evaporation of the volatile material, it shall be thinned 
with the smallest possible amount of pure spirits of turpentine to restore 
it to the original consistency. 


4. Method of Application: 


New Walls: All new walls, either smooth or sand finished, which are 
perfectly dry and have been protected so as to obviate danger of future 
absorption of moisture or dampness shall be given an even, thorough coating 
of GF No. 499 Wall Size, to which shall be added GF No. 500, of the color to 
be used in finishing the wall, in the proportion of one part GF No. 500 to 
three parts GF No. 499. This coating of GF No. 499 shall be allowed to cure or 
dry at least 24 hours before additional coats of GF No. 500 are applied. 


5. Old Walls: Old walls which have been painted with kalsomine or 
cold water paint must be thoroughly washed so as to remove all the old mate- 
rial. If such walls have been sized with a glue sizing, this must also be 
removed and the wall treated as specified above. 

If the wall has been previously treated with a varnish sizing, it will not 
be necessary to apply a coat of GF No. 499. 

After the GF No. 499 has dried for at least 24 hours, apply the first coat 
of GF No. 500. It should be flowed on with the best quality of wall brush and 
smoothed out lightly to give a uniform, even coating. 

After the first coat has cured or dried for at least 24 hours, apply the 
second coat just as it comes from the can, being sure to stir it thoroughly 
before the work is started and frequently thereafter to keep the pigments in 
perfect suspension. 


GF No. 300 Shop Coating 


In the composition of a shop coating for steel there are several 
strongly disintegrating influences which must be overcome. 

The first of these is the action of the alkali in cement which 
comes in contact with the shop coating. It must be especially com- 


78 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


oe08 


pounded to retain its waterproofing value, for where cement reaches 
ordinary oil paints, it soon destroys the oil, leaving only a cracked 
and ineffective pigment adhering to the metal. 


The second influence is that of electrolysis, caused by stray 
electric currents finding their way to the steel through cracks in 
the coating, which rapidly collect moisture. Unless the film re- 
mains intact over the whole surface, expanding and contracting 
with the steel without cracking, it cannot be considered a depend- 
able coating. 


TOD HOUSE, Youngstown, Ohio.—Floors Coated with GF No. 151. ATChILect.  Ohasw sb. 
Owsley, Youngstown. Contractor, Heller Bros. 


GF No. 300 Shop Coating is designed as a priming coat for 
structural steel. When brushed thoroughly over the entire sur- 
face it forms a tough, adhesive film impervious to water, acids and 
alkali, and insulating the steel against electricity. 

Its co-efficient of expansion has been made exactly the same as 
that for steel, eliminating any danger of cracking or scaling off 
upon the expansion and contraction which naturally takes place. 

In the composition of GF No. 300 the constituents were select- 
ed also to insure adhesion, and to be strongly rust preventative. 
The coating while intended as a primer can be used for the finish or 
decorative coat on steel exposed to the atmosphere. It forms a 
heavy, lustrous and weatherproof coating. 

Made in five colors as follows: Black, Gray, Green, Red and 
Brown. 


gg 9) OOO ——————————]}-] 


|THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


EO) ———————— or o 


EYPStcCOa tieein teen ractoes sil oere eevee rere eRe vonstane 200 sq. ft. per gallon 
Second costae eickeneid haere elie torrenet1- 200 sq. ft. per gallon 
MW. Oa NC OAUSH mers ueecuseoe ier each cneumicpeneretons ere er stedote Lonoke 100 sq. ft. per gallon 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 300 Steel Coating 
Material: 


Material designated as Shop Coating for Steel is to be GF No. 300 Shop 
Coating for Steel as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, 
Youngstown, Ohio, and is to be purchased direct from them or their author- 
ized Agents. The material is to be brought on the work in the original pack- 
ages and applied without addition or adulteration. 

Cleaning the Steel: 

All steel before coating shall be carefully wiped to remove all moisture 
and oil and then wire brushed to remove all loose scale. 
Application: 

Apply a coating of GF No. 300, working the compound into all joints and 
crevices before riveting the parts together. Another coat is to be applied 
after the steel sides are riveted and before removal from the shop. The 
removal from the shop is to take place not less than 48 hours after the final 
coating of GF No. 300 is applied. 

Field Coating: 

After erection, all foreign matter that may have attached itself to the 
steel during transportation and the time it was laying on the job is to be 
carefully removed, either by wiping or other means. 

After the steel has been cleaned as above specified, all abraded surfaces 
are to be retouched with GF No. 300. 

Then the steel shall receive one heavy coat of GF No. 325 Field Coating 
for Steel. 


GF No. 325 Protective Coating 


(For Structural Steel to be Embedded in Masonry) 


When structural steel is to be encased in concrete or other 
masonry, the final protective coating can be a less expensive mate- 
rial than the shop coat generally applied. If it covers the steel 
thoroughly, adheres to it in a strong water and alkali-proof film 
and will expand or contract without cracking the protection will be 
satisfactory. 

GF No. 325 is manufactured as a final Protective Coating to be 
used over a shop coat such as GF No. 300. Its constituent parts 
are fused together at great heat to prevent disintegration by the 
lime in cement or cement grout and keep the coating permanently 
elastic. 

The resulting protective film is tough, impervious to water and 
the alkalies present in green masonry and can be depended upon 
to expand and contract with the steel without cracking. It is also 
a sufficient insulator to prevent any disintegration by electrolysis. 


Covering Capacity 


Wurst LCOnbiee ie Ne he airtel shone Kersastetousnenatcters 200 sa. ft. per gallon 
Second COAtids cen Me meee neds ie ile rsreloer 200 sq. ft. per gallon 
TWOmCOAatS meni eee oer: Approximately 100 sq. ft. per gallon 


80 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


Seo j0e == =a Sa 


sce 


Specifications for Applying 
GF No. 325 Protective Coating 


1. Material: 

GF No. 325, manufactured by The General Fireproofing Company, Youngs- 
town, Ohio, must be purchased from the manufacturers direct or from their 
authorized Agents and must be delivered on the building site in original and 
sealed packages and applied without adulteration or addition according to the 
following instructions: 


2. Application: 


Immediately after erection the steel is to be closely examined to ascertain 
whether the shop coating has suffered any damage in transportation or erec- 
tion. If such is the case re-coat such portions as have been damaged, with 
GF No. 300. After allowing this supplementary coating to become thoroughly 
dry apply the finishing coat of GF No. 325 Protective Coating for Steel, 
brushing same evenly and thoroughly so that the surface will be smooth and 
continuous. 


3. Caution: 


Before the different parts are placed they should be carefully inspected to 
see that they are all thoroughly covered with coating. 


GF Portable Steel Garage Painted with GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating. 


GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating 


The wide use of galvanized metals in building has created a 
demand for a paint or coating which can be used successfully on 
such materials. The chief difficulty in the past has been the lack 
of proper adhesion, most paints scaling off after a short time. This 
is due to a grease-like film formed during the galvanizing process. 


81 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO 


[o] exc) 


A coating which does not penetrate this film will soon scale off, 
while one which destroys the film is injurious to the metal itself. 

In compounding GF No. 350 the aim has been to overcome this 
difficulty by combining a strongly adhesive element with one which 
would penetrate the film without destroying it. This gives the GF 
coating a firm grip on the iron, zinc or tin and prevents scaling. 
At the same time there is enough elasticity in GF No. 350 to keep 
it from cracking upon expansion or contraction of the surface to 
which it is applied. 

This coating dries quickly, and sets hard, forming a strong, 
rust-inhibiting covering with exceptional wearing qualities and of 
an even color throughout. 

GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating is used for painting gal- 
vanized iron, tin or zinc materials, such as gutters and leaders, 
roofing and siding, etc. As a special precaution it is good practice 
to paint the under side of roofing and siding thoroughly with GF 
No. 350 before putting them in place. 

This is a point often neglected in building which causes a great 
deal of trouble in later years, for moisture collecting on the under 
side quickly rusts the unprotected metal. The increased cost is 
not heavy, as the parts may be coated on the ground before being 
put in place. 

The coloring pigment in GF No. 350 is mixed to form a smooth 
coating which is easily and evenly applied. Colors are carried as 
follows: White, Black, Red, Brown, Gray, Green. 


Covering Capacity 


Birstarcoati mein. eer eras soaerecmeees treremsta 275 sq. ft. per gallon 
Second hcoat ee wrt n lec ee rrocierert tense 325 sq. ft. per gallon 
AMitotncor tcl Gens ohana nis 0 Goon OOO-00 0-0 Gh Om: 150 sq. ft. per gallon 


Specifications for 
GF No. 350 Galvanized Iron Coating 


1. Material: 

The material designated as Galvanized Iron Coating shall be GF No. 350 
Galvanized Iron Coating as manufactured by The General Fireproofing Com- 
pany, Youngstown, Ohio, and is to he purchased direct from them or their 
authorized Agents. It must be brought to the building site in original pack- 
ages and applied without addition or adulteration. 


2. Preparing Surfaces: 

Before any coating is applied the surface of the metal shall be cleaned of 
all particles of foreign matter, such as mortar, plaster, other kinds of paint, 
etc., and shall be absolutely dry. 


3. Application: 

After the foregoing conditions have been complied with a thorough cov- 
ering coat of GF No. 350 (of the desired color) is to be applied with great 
care. The coating must be thoroughly worked into all seams and joints and 
around all rivet heads that may be encountered. 

When the first coat has cured for 24 hours, a second coat (this coat to be 
of the final color of the surface) shall be applied in the same careful manner. 


4. Back Coating: 

Before erecting, all sheets for roofing, siding, etc., shall be thoroughly 
coated on the back or unexposed face with 2 coats of GF No. 350 applied in 
accordance with section 3. 


82 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPO 


UNDS 


oes30 


Table No. 


13 


Volume of Plastic Mortar Made from Different Proportions of Cement and Sand 
Quantities of Materials Per Cubic Yard 


(Reprinted by permission from Taylor & Thompson’s “Concrete, Plain and Reinforced,” page 230) 


Vol f C d Plasti 
Relative ee ”» Materials for 1 cu. yd. Compact Plastic 
propor- From 1 cu. ft. Cemt. From 1 bbl. Cement Mortar Based on Barrel ot 
le by 7 
B Port. 

Meee Cont One Based on barrel of 3.5 cu. ft 3.8 cu. ft.t 4 cu. ft 
#1 82 We Sle eee B 3 Ba ya || ht on | BE 8-5 
pol eele eee a eae wie lc cae se ee a memes 1) ee 
So | @ EB San ae | oo a = Sor (serosa ce eat aor |e 

cu. ft.cu. ft.|cu. ftlcu. ft./cu. ft. | cu. ft. || bbl. | cu.yd.| bbl. | cu.yd.| bbl. | cu.yd. 
1 0 0.93 | 0.86 | 0.80) 3.2 ne 3.2 8.31 8.31 8.31 
1 | 1.12} 1.06 | 1.02) 3.9 4.0 4.1 6.92 0.46 6.73 0.47 6.61 0.49 
1 1 1.48 | 1.42 | 1.38) 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.22 0.68 5.01 0.71 4.88 0.72 
1 14 | 1.84] 1.78 | 1.74] 6.4 6.7 7.0 4.20 0.81 4.00 0.84 3.87 0.86 
1 2 POA rel aR hath 8.1 8.4 3.51 0.91 3.32 0.93 3.21 0.95 
1 214 | 2.56 | 2.50 | 2.47] 9.0 9.5 9.9 3.01 0.98 2.84 1.00 2.74 1.01 
1 3 2.92 | 2.86 | 2.838] 10.2 10.9 10033 2.64 1.03 2.48 1.05 2.39 1.06 
1 314 | 3.28 | 3.23 | 3.19) 11.5 12.2 12.8 2.35 1.06 2.20 1.08 2.12 1.10 
1 4 3.64 | 3.59 | 3.55] 12.8 13.6 14.2 2.12 1.10 1.98 iusal 1.90 1.13 


Note — Variations in the fineness of the sand and the cement, and in consistency of the mortar may affect the values 
by 10% in either direction. 


*Cement as packed by manufacturer, sand loose. 
One cubic yard cement plaster covers: 
5¢"thick—63 sq. yds. 7%” thick—45 sq. yds. 114"thick—3114 sq. yds. 


34” thick—54 sq. yds. 1” thick—36 sq. yds. 114” thick—27 sq 
10% lime added will increase these quantities not more than 5%. 


Table No. 14 


. yds. 


{Use these columns ordinarily. 


134” thick—221 sq. yds. 


2” thick—18 sq. yds. 


Cubic Yards Concrete Required for Beams, Columns and Slabs 


DPE rows tt 


COLUMNS SLABS 
Square Round 
Cubic Yards of ae for Beams By z as z 3 , 
100 ft. Long 2 5 3S ae 5 ape 3 
3 * og . ROD ns 
ee|8 (ese. |22.] 2/22 2 
fs | oS leas oe lSeel 8 | os Bs 
| S| Bobo |S0eps]| +B "ep | Teer ee Ss 3 BA [eos 
4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 |S.8| ss 2s Bll 3s | SSB || A se [8 
Inch || Inch |Inch | Inch | Inch |Inch |Inch | Inch | Inch |@A) OH |e Hen!) OF [ere i= Om Ra 
412 
“515|| .643 : 
.617|| .772) .926 6" 009 36 
.720|| .900| 1.080 | 1.260 he .013 49 28 .6175 | 24 
.823]] 1.029] 1.235) 1.440 1.646 8” 016 64 216” .7715 | 30 
.926|| 1.157] 1.389] 1 620, 1.852] 2.083 9! 021 81 Be .926 | 36 
1,029]} 1.286] 1.543 | 1.801) 2.058] 2.315) 2.572 10”| .026} 100 
1.132|| 1.415] 1.697 | 1.981] 2.263) 2.546] 2.829] 3.112 Lhe 03 121 314"| 1.080 | 42 
1.235|| 1.543] 1.852 | 2.161) 2.469] 2.778] 3.086) 3.395 | 3.704 12”! 037| 144 || .029 | 113.1 
1.337|| 1.672] 2.006 | 2.340] 2.675| 3.009) 3.343] 3.677 | 4.012 13”| .043 | 169 || .084 | 132.7 4” 1.235 | 48 
1.440]} 1.801] 2.161 | 2.521] 2.881} 3.241] 3.601) 3.961 | 4.321 14”! .050| 196 || .040 | 153.9 
1.543|| 1.929] 2.315 | 2.701) 3.086] 3.472] 3.858) 4.244 | 4.630 15”| .058| 225 || .045 176.7 416"| 1.389 | 54 
1.646]| 2.058] 2.468 | 2.881] 3.292}3.704| 4.115) 4.526 | 4.936 16”| .066] 256 || .052 | 201.1 
1.749|| 2.186] 2.624] 3.061] 3.498] 3.935| 4.373) 4.810 | 5.247 17”| .074| 239 || .058 227.0 oe 1.543 | 60 
1. 852|| 2.315| 2.778! 3.241| 3.704] 4.167} 4.630) 5.093 | 5.555 18” .083 | 324 || .065 | 254.5 
1.955|| 2.443] 2.932 | 3.421] 3.909] 4.398] 4.887) 5.376 | 5.864 || 19”| .093 | 361 || .073 283.5 || 544” | 1.698 | 66 
2..058]| 2.572] 3.086] 3.601] 4.115) 4.630] 5.144) 5.658 | 6.173 20”| .103| 400] .081 | 314.2 
2.161|| 2.701| 3.240] 3.781| 4.321) 4.861] 5.402] 5.941 | 6.482 21”) .113| 441 || .089 | 346.4 6” 1.852 | 72 
2,.263|| 2.829] 3.394 | 3.961] 4.526] 5.093) 5.659) 6.224 | 6.790 22"| .124| 484 }| .098 | 380.1 
2.366|| 2.958] 3.549 | 4.141] 4.732] 5.324] 5.916] 6.507 | 7.009 23”| 186} 529 || .107 415.5 6144"| 2.006 | 78 
2.469|| 3.086] 3.704 | 4.321] 4.938] 5.555| 6.173] 6.790 | 7.408 || 24”) .148| 576 .116 | 452.4 : 
2.572\| 3.215] 3.8581 4.501] 5.143] 5.786] 6.429] 7.072 | 7.716 || 25”) .160| 625 || .126 490.9 if 2.161 | 84 
2. 674|| 3.343] 4.012 | 4.680] 5.349] 6.018] 6.686] 7.358 | 8.023 || 26”) .174| 676 .1386 | 530.9 \ 
2.778|| 3.472| 4.167] 4.861] 5.556] 6.249} 6.944] 7.638 | 8.333 27”| .187| 729 || .147 | 572.6 || 7144” | 2.315 | 90 
2.881|| 3.601] 4.321 | 5.041| 5.761] 6.481] 7.202] 7.922 | 8.642 || 28”| 201] 784 .158 | 615.8 8” 2.469 | 96 
2.984|| 3.729] 4 475| 5.221| 5.967] 6.713] 7.459] 8.205 | 8.951 || 29”| .216| 841 .170 | 660.5 814"| 2.624 | 102 
3 .086|| 3.858] 4.630| 5.401] 6.173] 6.944| 7.716] 8.488 | 9.259 30”| .231} 900 |} .182 | 706.9 of 2.778 | 108 
3 189|| 3.987| 4.784| 5.581] 6.379] 7.176] 7.974] 8.770 | 9.568 || 31”| .247! 961 .194 | 754.8 914"| 2.932 | 114 
3 .292|| 4.115| 4.938] 5.761] 6.584! 7.407) 8.230] 9.053 | 9.876 || 32”) .263 1024 || .207 | 804.2 || 10” 3.986 | 120 
3.395|| 4.244] 5.091] 5.941] 6.790] 7.639] 8.487] 9.336 | 10.18 33”! .280] 1089 |] .220 | 855.3 |] 1014”| 3.241 | 126 
3.498]| 4.372] 5.248] 6.122] 6.996] 7.870] 8.745| 9.619 | 10.49 34”) .292] 1156 || .233 | 907.9 |] 11” 3.396 | 122 
3.601|| 4.501] 5.401] 6.301] 7.201] 8.101] 9.002) 9.902 | 10.80 35”) .815 | 1225 |) .247 | 962.1 || 1144”| 3.550 | 138 
3.704|| 4.630] 5.555 | 6.481] 7.407| 8.333] 9.259) 10.19 | 11.11 36”| .333 | 1296 || .262 | 1017.9 || 12” 3.704 | 144 


of 


—— 


= 


[ox — 


FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHI 


= Tor: 


Table No. 16 


Quantities of Materials for One Cubic Yard of Rammed Concrete 


Based on a Barrel of 3.8 Cubic Feet 
(Reprinted by permission from Taylor & Thompson’s ‘Concrete, Plain and Reinforced,” page 231) 


(THE GENERAL 


o 
Lo} 


2 
72 
ee 
‘ 


MONIMDNRONMHNMOMONDONMO AMOMnOAn 
SON RNS HHS SRR ERD HOOREENS HOSrMNO ON 
>SSOSD SSO SOSOSO SSO SOSSCS 


of Rios HON wrwo oon a 
mae See Coe ean ees oom 
of oo ocooocooo onmr —— tl — i — 


PEN C1909 ODM DOW ADD DMADUBDAOMwe AAT OEHHA DAN TPDBONWHDMAGD 


§Use these columns for sciene 


{Use 45 per cent columns for average conditions and for 


84 


7) 
<I pueg [33 Se tio Oboe (Cine ad SOD OD LAH 09 ODE AA HODCD CO ODN CA HH SH ODD 0D CED NA HH SH OD09 03 ONGD OO ID SH WH ODCD G5 00 OO 
= of SM ELS RSE | ogi Wt eC a a 
aa W292 DOA NDE DH SADANM OND OWN DOK DOMNHODAAH DAD MAN AMDHSOOMON HOM WINS 
quomey | 3 SO ABIOM HADEN O SON ANS DOH MAT HON AAS BAAN AAHS ARM NH#AS AAW ODN RADN OS 19194 
2 HARRAH HOO SSO CONN HHA HHH BAH AHH HHH Onn HHH OOO ORTH COCO COCO COSOOSOSCO OSS 
TD EN HOD DOD (RADON DNHD DES DMD AHH DMD DSS MND SDAMDADHHSODNODMAMSOOWH 
auoyg Bd) SX BSSS = = sss MONDO OCHRE HHD SHH HHH HDOGOMNH HHH BOK MND HNNDAGOH HHH AMO 
SRL Soon n HIF FS isoc SOOO OS O SOOO SSO SOOO SO SO SSO SSO SOSSO SOSSOSOSOO SOS SoS SOSS 
= 
Olm “OH OND GEH DOR NAD SHA OAD IAS DOH AHO OMAN HHARBMADOANAN 
Ble] pueg [Ss] fill lll i rt [BR BA HOI DAN HO 09 0909 BN HT 69 09.09 COIR HAS 00 cd 09 SON WI HOD OO 
5 S om = = ss et Soo ooooooococo coo ocescoosooce soo scSeocSeseooeSsseocosoooSe sss 
Fa, os OOD NOD DO © = = 8 + OM IDMO HOH ODNDHDDMNOMOBADMOMN HOARE MNRHOANMOON SOHD HOO 
5 queue, | 2 COO ANRHAA 2 st te RHA AMO HAIA OHM AAT SHH AAT CODANHCOBADH HAD ONS SSH 
2 = WA AS LNA NAN FRAN HHH HHH HHH RH HHH HHO ORTH HHO OOO COOO COCO SOSCSO 
S Te) One tt OOH NOI HOE NOS HOYT SAME OHH AME TDHKR SMD ADDAVNER ANORHS OMH 
a Suieney lisinel PS 28s BS eB. (OX DAGNWHH AASONKD DARDBSOH HHWDAWDANN HHH DBADBALDNDARBSAD 
qd SRL coon ‘ss ses soSeSsSoSonSoSSsSoSSHSSSSSsSoSS SSS SCSS SSO SSO SSSoNSS 
3) 
ad | ++ : OD HOR HANS SHA OND MON SSH HOR OOAN SGRH MODBKRAH SOM CON 
Ele| pueg [od] 2: : Di oP lt IRR BRAK ARG IHS SSS GAS WHS SIS GI IISR SHS RIG ISS 
fea) Ss of Te) see ste tts OO qeooocoecesooooesossoococoecesescoesoeosoeocaecoeoescoscoesce 
q oon —- RAN HANH DHS MAAN HHOHADDODOHHHRHAHOHOMKR DAM HONDHIDDHO HOO 
: queued ie! B09 19 (85 Sam Sah SHYNESS YHA FOP MOA AHO OMA TAS OAD WOD WOE OID 
as) 2 Hoon ANNAN NAA Pte AA HSN AN HAN AHH HHH HOOOTHO OOO OSS 
6 
> - | GOs CHORHH SHS SHH HDNH SSOSALA HAA HRT SSHHRAA NOH HOW OLD 
Ss sug |g] SS BE ZESR SE SSSR LS SSS SEN HHA RSS SNH SES SES SKS SSS SSS 
° >> oon “oo ocooooooc; Onmmooo oon Foo eoeoc oer noo ooo CoCOoOnMmnmoO Con AHOoOOo 
n 
Soult ie : : ODO HHH OND OHA THEA ADK 0HMN HDS HMHADBWONHADH OMT AHDANDDAAD 
alse purg jos Dio a 2H OD CO CDAD SH HOD 69 C9 00 1D HH HOD 6D 09 1919 1D HH HA HOD 09 1919 1D HH HAH 09 O19 LD HH HHH 
a 3 oP, emda ae -ooocoocoocoococoocoooocooc“ecooooococoocococecoooocococyoe 
o = 3 
S 5 Sm “OD 19DNS DOH HOD HORM DAHA NOM SOHO MEKANODAGOH SHE MODBANSDNDHN 
: quouep | a | = SIS SER IES SO) COND I GOGD ON Ra) SGOT I) SOC) OOD CE eed SNe 
AY fe} HOON "MNNAN NANT FHA RATA AANA ANA AAA AAA AAA HANA TD HOONMOCOCOC CSCO 
Sl AOD es ORS SSS SMS HERA SEM AMD HAMS GHOTDNDHSH SHDHANHD ASD HHS THHOH 
euojg | SU BRO see eee ts LHHEGRDDHBSCSCH DDG ASSHRDADAGBSOSSHDAGDASBSSSHAHDHASSOSHSS 
oP” Om = + es © we ew te ee -OOOocooec CSCO mMwRF OCC Ort BOC COCO mrt ROO COCO FnnA HOO Onn AANrYH 
Bs wee : ODD OM OHH OONMOSOHHAN AR HHOOHN COR ANDER MOHAHROHAEHAN 
& pueg [3d : SHH 09 OD 1D HHH 09 CD 09 IS SHH H HOD 09 19 1D LH SH HH SH Gio 1 1H HHH HOH 11D H H 1019 
5 Ae) a - ‘SoScoo SSO Sooo SoSSoOSOSoSo SoOSOSoO SSO SOSSo SoOSCSoOSSoS SoOSSO SSO SoOSSoO OSS 
ae Qe tt tt FID NHR RAH OAD AOWM WEA AAANAAHH CHD MAH DADOANM ANH OCOH2AnNA 
quowleg | 2 SO sss et tt tt PRO IDMOH NSH OSH ONS GHHHD HERDS OHM AANA AHDANTDHOSSHSOBADEKRS 
s Stare nee ear nee oer 
19 6d 


LOA AANA AN Ben SS RR RH HH On SOOO COSCO 


Qu0}g JO OUINIOA JO 
98v}UIII0g JO SULIT, 
Ur aeqJOWT_ JO OUINJO A 


OOD MAS COON Now ID I~ O wo WHO voWOM ANTO 


oN 
auojg | 5 : eS 
mR 22 oO On Sol MH 19ND HM DONTHH WEE DONH OWE DON HOOD CAN CCH OOD 
ga asooT | Os BeOS ae te a a ee ee ee Ae ee ae eos ae ene ae 
SIO ance Bee 690d 62 01d ID INAH Asam NAAN NKRKN KR AGDADRAAGDDADGH AHA HHH H6 Hid HON 
a> ay Se ee ee ee ee et) 
5) 
Eps 
payoeg | 2 
SUES Va NaN ee Ss x NS a a aA a nA 
wo 9u04 r r\ Ne i r ee! a) rn i) oa = os =) =) 
3 $ TAN 69 HID ON BOM AA NA Deseo tH His 09 OH Wiig © coo ti Whe DoS nr isis SrnPwonon wn oon 
om 
Renee A AWD NOAA DAA WAAC NAA ANN 
ER a WSEAS SSS MAN SER AIRE 
eed eet st st st ost es ed 
ox pues AAN AANA ANA AAA QAA Aosed 09 000 09 0900 co HH HHH HIDE 
ep 


pacting of the concrete may affect the quantities 10 per cen in either 


{Use 40 per cent columns for gravel or mixed stone and gravel, 


‘ 


*Use 50 per cent columns for broken stone screened to uniform size. 


Note—Variations in the fineness of the sand and the com 


direction . 
broken stone with dust screened out. 


tifically graded mixtures. 


L [==] } 


= Boj 


Sue 


——--- 


| WATERPROOFING AND DAMPPROOFING COMPOUNDS 


a 


TABLE No. 17 


Quantities of Materials for One Cubic Yard of Rammed Concrete 


Based on a Barrel of 4 Cubic Feet 
(Reprinted by permission from Taylor & Thompson’s ‘Concrete, Plain and Reinforced,” page 232) 


30%§ 


aug | 3 Fel 


Pec, DWOHAMNDD OCHA TOM DFWODHOAHHRONHTON HHO MAWH DAM OONWAAHE AD Ee Om NHO MOS Hho 

eujg [So] PR PHAR ASH SSS Smo RNY CON Hh Qe SCH N NS OBS ORE ENS OSSHEN RRS QOORNS SRR 
a) oo oococonmnmnHoocoqoooocooooocooocoocoocoocoooocOoOSoC COC COCO OCOoCO COCO SCSoSoO SoSoSo 

7c) . . : = COM C1900 WIND N SMP IDAO HID OADOONAO HIT AWDO NOCH OMAN BMS NOHO MOG 
S| pueg [sd 6369 A UAH 69 O8 69 AL ACY XH O08 G2 OAL AHH SH 5909 09 69.09 AI I SH oo 09 SoGD Ga IDA Gt op.e9 63 9 55 
= on . . ooocoocooooooecoooooecooocoocoococcococoocoocoocococ“oc“eosnd 
qwoueg |B | SS SER SSRESS SOM SRS RSI RAT IRA ASS SRA RSS SRE RSS SSS SER SRE RSS BSS 

a MON MMA DOO SCSCSC CONN Met Arent sno OMA sro SoSeoeSonmnoscoooocoosoososocosoSoS 

soe ns PID HHSAWAHHAWDAWD TAMA DES MIND OADANAOBDAHOD SOON OMY OAD 


-OD Dr OD OPO DOD OM OOMDWM DOO PEW OOO DOr Pr-O OMWM DOr FOO DMO 


pueg | 22 


ge conditions and for 


§Use these columns for scien- 


the compacting of the concrete may a‘fect the quantities by 10 per cent in either 
tUse 45 per cent columns for avera 


= 
o 
= 
3 
i 
o 
i= 
= = OH oH A BQO DIR DOH ATA HAN DIDO AAN MND AONLMNDALALMDRONM OSH HRO 
2 quomay | 2 AD ARHA SMSOHSOWDSWHAHAMAMDHHOARDSOOCHHDARHSOCADDHASSCHADBHHR RE SDHKRS ODS 
Ss ie HANTS AN NRA BRT TRA ARR AAs Ass ssw wOoC Onn RoC ocooocoocoocococcCoo 
nm Since 5 H19 DOO HOE ANS HSH AMR SHH OME DAHER COHDAGCOANDASMHOHSOSMDH 
d sug |sd| SSS CO DADOKRWODAROLHHNHSDHBSSKRLRLHDHAAGBSKLRDHDDDBSSDD SKHHSBRBSOSS 
oe SN Sih scoooocoocoooocoonococoo soon SCO CSCC OSCOHSCSoOSoOSoOSDO OSCO HOO CSCO SCSCSO 
fo) 
liar aps tune AK MOOMMTE DAD OOM ONWM ANA ROH HARK CON OND MHANRAHOCOMORN 
oN pueg joe Shes HOD 63 OSH SH HOD 09 6000 WD HH HOD ed 09 11D SH SHH HDD OD IID HHH HH 1 HHH HHH 
Her lle} Oe: - SSSI OSS OSS SSS SSS SS SSO OOS SOS SS SSS SSS OSS) SSS) 
3 ae) ne DA ID OA HOO O191D WP HH HOD IMA 19D NOH SIND HOH OND HOH MORAN DOD 
= quomag | ON + W1Q ASN CWO HHH OWH WAT ABH MAT ASSCANTHSSASBHHASORK SSH 
> ios HmN AN NANN NANT NRA AANA ANA An AAA AAA Onn HAH COCO CCC Cocco CoCS 
I .) mee ODRIMID EMA LRADOKMD HOD SHR ALRLAN SOM OKRA COHN HH OOH HOH DDS 
= ag [od | On CY DABSKROHDABSCSOKRHHARDBS SKK DDRHASSSKLHNWOADBABSSSORHASBSSOSSS 
oh SR] ona SSSCSCSC OSC OFH OCC COOH HOO COO OFF HOC COSCO OHH HOO COHN HOH 
Sales an : HDIDNTH OND OANADIO ADL DOW HOO HHO DODDADKR ODMH OHOSOADODADS 
a [Ss pueg | sz : HOD 09 CO1d HHO 09 OND ID HH HO 0 11D IQ WH HHH Hidid OHH AH Hom oa HHS 
S 3 Ore . SSS oolisic So Sisco sicoorisclolocolceisclcicoiecociooc cicolcsoccoceoo 
oD 
AY a) oro RO 19MOOHKR HOM HHH HMOARD AGH DANK NOM DHOHKRMAMDNDHO HOO 
quoueg | 8 oo oO ASMAMOBK SCHIHHKOHAHHNATHHHDDOATHOOMATHHOSCSRDB DOS HOEK OD 
2 Hoa nN ANNAN NAA PAA AAA ANN AAA ANA AAA HAA HRT HOO OHO COC CSCS 
Pa come: DAASHAAOMNDSONDHAHDANDSLRALR DAODDAANSH SHOAASDASCH OAR THO 
agg |Sy| =O SW ASH DNA SSH DHA ABSSALD DARBSOSS AHH ASBASSSHDHASSHSS 
SRL on SSOCHO CSCO HHH COSOSC OF HOO COCO HHH HOO OOO HHH HOO Onn HHH 
% 
S ae : OHNO DDH OOH HON HABDBR AH HHO DHNCOORHADNROHANHOHEN HAN 
Ss pueg js : SHH 09 01D HOH RH 09 09.00 1D DDH SH HOD 09 1D DID SH HHH HA Sig Hi H AHH HOG 6 lod Hioig 
Dp We baa nla Sooo ooo coc ooooomooooomcseisoomoooc coc coSc Soo coo 
= or OH D1DD OHH MAN HDD BOM O11] OHH HOM DNDNASDH OND HDDAADS NOD 
quowag | 15 SH HAD HOO NOW OOD HUW AGH HMO ATH OMAN SODASS ANH NEO 
ad oO MANAN ANT FANART TAN BRT BRB RAR Ase see RRO OnOCOCoOCCoCCS 
au0}g JO 9UINJOA Jo 
asejueoeg JO SUIAT, | BA IWOH NOD N O19 19 OD BON HAH OOH HHO AOA OID ORH BION BOM SNS MHA D9 109009 ONO 
DWHOANNAR AAA TAOK HHDBKH OH AAD KR OO OAH MOM SHHAHAHHDEKOS SHH AHHH SONSO OAH Bos 
UL IeJIOJ JO OUINJOA 
nates SUOS | sis] HONDO HON SCOH DOD OND ONH OHO NHOSHONHAHOCHDONHS DODONHOCHDONSHNDASOONH 
283 asooyT | o& BAAN ANNHS OH H FF FAN STF AN NTT AAA NAN NTH AANANM DAN Nc HHH 
eg -— 
ce 
he puss | ss HH HHO DOD DOD DNODONDDNDNDOSO SDSS SSSSCANNANNANANOOS COS OOH 
aS asoo'T oa Sc co oe oe oe ee oe oe Ee ee ee es cast 
is) 
=) c . 
| payoeg | © 
a a a a wi Sa a SS Na a a a a a a Cy 
= auoyg = = SS oS oh. Ske BN le we oS a S ak oS 
A» AAI OD HID ON HD DOM YAMA ACA NOD ED HID OD OOH Wadia © cddD Hid IDOONM HWY wWiDo ONE women wa oon 
os Ratchet ee aS = 
Sea 
cle or . A ANNAN ARIANA CINE NOAA AAA ANS 
BS aa : SRRORENSNENON SN ANNO RENCE 
aS pueg FA NAN ANAN ANNA AANA AANA Aedes op e900 CD ODED OO HH HHH HID 
is) 
Q 


}Use 40 per cent columns for gravel for mixed stone and gravel. 


*Use 50 per cent columns for broken stone screened to uniform size. 


broken stone with dust screened out. 


Note—Variations in the fineness of the sand and 
tifically graded mixtures, 


direction. 


[THE GENERAL _FIREPROOFING CO., YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO | 


GF Building Materials 
Self-Sentering 


Self-Sentering, as its name implies, is a 
type of expanded metal for concrete rein- 
forcing and miscellaneous fireproofing, 
which is, in itself, a combined reinforcing 
and centering—a one-piece steel lath and 


stud, or furring. 


It is made up of a series of heavy, cold-drawn ribs, 11/16 inch 
high, always spaced 35% inches center to center, connected by the 
most efficient form of expanded metal—all cut and drawn from one 
sheet of metal. 


Its heavy ribs are cold-drawn, not stamped, increasing their 
tensile strength from twenty to forty per cent and their elastic 
limit from sixty to one hundred per cent. Parallel sides give maxi- 
mum rigidity, and a beaded edge at the joining of the expanded 
metal fabric stiffens the ribs still further. 


The connecting fabric is designed on the only true principle of 
expanded metal reinforcement. The diamond-shaped meshes diffuse 
strains from concentrated loads, afford effective continuity of the 
reinforcement, tend to transfer tensile stresses in the steel to com- 
pression in the concrete, and insure that every ounce of metal is 
in tension. Note there are no breaks at right angles to the line of 
stress and no metal is wasted to act as mere connecting members. 
This same mesh affords a perfect mechanical bond for concrete, 
and an unbreakable key for plaster or mortar. 

Self-Sentering finds use in all classes of buildings—for con- 
crete roofs, floors, side walls, ceilings, partitions, columns and beam 
protection—such a multitude of uses that it can be fairly classed as 
a standard for fireproofing reinforcement. 


Trussit 


Trussit is a corrugated expanded steel 
sheet, for reinforcing fireproof walls and 
partitions. Its chief advantages are that 
it eliminates entirely the use of permanent 
studding and permits of the erection of 
partitions but 2 inches in thickness, space 
saving and wonderfully rigid; curtain walls 
the equal of brick or poured concrete at 
practically half their cost. 

This material is uniformly expanded in both directions, giving 
equal strength from either side. It is so interwoven back and forth 
through the cement or plaster that it is not a mere backing for the 
wall but an integral part of it. This uniform distribution of the 
metal also overcomes any tendency toward expansion or contrac- 
tion in any one general direction, due to changes of temperature, 
with consequent freedom from expansion cracks. 


86 


Herringbone Metal Lath 


This lath is the accepted standard wherever metal lath is used. 
Its rigidity, giving firm plastering surface and allowing wide spac- 
ing of studding; its wide sheets; its flat strands, which spread 


rather than cut the plaster; its perfect key 
AI —all combine to make a lath that is most 
LL 


desirable to the owner, architect or con- 
tractor. 

Style “A” Herringbone Metal Lath 
shown is recommended particularly for 
ceilings. Its heavier ribs and smaller 
openings enable this type to safely carry 
heavy plaster loads required for ceilings. 

Style “BB’”—Used on most work where metal lath is required. 
Light yet extremely rigid and strong, making it easy and econom- 
ical to plaster. 

Style “AAA”—The ideal general purpose metal lath. It has 
heavy ribs and wide strands, giving increased rigidity and wide 
spacing of studs. Equally adaptable for walls and ceilings. 


GF Expanded Metal 


An ideal reinforcement for floors, roofs, sidewalks, bridges, 
sewers, conduits, tanks, reservoirs, retaining walls, etc. Easily 
handled, quickly placed, insures the maximum of reinforcing 
strength. 


GF Steel-Tile 


GF Corner Bead 


This bead is so designed that 
you can get a good thick coat of 
plaster over the sides and close 
up to the nose. 

And there are enough perfor- 
ations so that the plaster takes 
hold firmly and isn’t easily 


GF Steel-Tile floors, consist- 


ing of light steel forms and con- 
crete T-beams, are particularly 
adaptable to schools, hotels, 
office buildings, apartments, 
etc., in fact wherever long floor 
spans are desired. 

Lighter weight because less 
material is required, reducing 
the necessary weight of build- 
ing walls and foundation as well. 
This saving and the simple 
skeleton form work for erecting, 
make GF Steel-Tile floors very 
economical. 


cracked off. 

GF Corner Bead is ribbed and 
corrugated to make it stiff and 
easily handled. Furnished with 
clip or clipless in 26 and 24 
gauge galvanized. 


The GF building materials described on this page and other products are 
treated at length in our Fireproofing Hand-Book. A copy will be sent you 


on request. 


Index to Waterproofing Materials 


Page 

Acidproofing—GE" No. 99, ws 2)... ee oh ee 73 
Bonding Compound—GF No. 400.) eee, ot ee 72 
Brick and Cement Coatinge—GF-No, 10138 eee eee 62 
Colorless: Waterproofing—GF’ No. 1007. «2... 05 pees nee 59 
Concrete Hardener—GF No. 140°) “See eee eee (Gr 
Crystalrox—GF No. 145... 4s: cad eg ae 68 
Dampprootng Coating —GE No? 200) 222 oan, eee eee 55 
Floor Coating (in colors) —GF No. 151,323 3 ae ee 75 
FloorePrimer—G No.150. J ccci. dee: cae ee ee eee 75 
Foundation-Brush, Coating —GF No, 16). 32... s:2252eeee nee 48 
Galvanized Iron Coating—GE No..35))...42 12. sha) ae eee peel | 
Integral Waterproofing Paste—GF No. 10...................... 10 
Integral Waterproofing Powder—GF No. 11.................... 28 
Interior Wall Coating—GF No. 500... 2.4.25 95,5 eee ee vil 
Mastic: Cement—GE'.No.-250:. 3... Se eon 2. ee ee ee 65 
Mop Coating—GF No. 17 a5 03 ae he 3 29 
Protective Coating (for steel) GF No. 325................-+4-. 80 
Saturated Fabrice—GF No. 21 4... .2 5). -0 ss oe 39 
Stainproof Stone Backing—GF No. DO) os i oc ee 54 
Steel ‘Coating—GFiNo.300.6.0. 0. . Sige ic elo oe eee eee 79 
Trowel:Coatinge— GH NoO.15. esse eee SRR es ea ne ae 51 
Wall Size—-GPR No: 4996 ciay os eo ee ee ee ee 77 
Waterproof Felt —GF No. 18). 7.2030 tee ee ee Ah Ss ee 29 

Methods and Tables 

Integral: Waterproohng. 22 24.564 2222. . an se eget: eee eget 10 
Membrane Waterproofing. @. <.5 $76.0... 5 oe eee 29 
Mixture*Tables for Conerete::.... 42. ses oe oka sn 83 
Pressure Tables—Concrete Floors and Slabs.............----+-: yA 
Curtis—Detroit 


A-326-2 88 


